Daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da duk kayan da muke amfani dasu don ɗaukar wutar lantarki daga wani wuri zuwa wani yanzu a yau ya ta'allaka ne da juriya na waɗannan kayan. Don samun ra'ayi, wannan tunanin zai yi kama da gogayya wanda, misali, dabaran ke gabatar da shi yayin da yake juyawa a kasa, wanda zai taka shi har sai ya tsaya.
Wannan ita ce matsalar juriya da kayan da muke amfani da su don ɗaukar wutar lantarki daga wani wuri zuwa wancan. A cikin takamaiman batun juriya na lantarki, shine kishiyar ƙarfin da abu yake gabatarwa lokacin da electrons zasu fara motsawa ta cikin kuma cewa suna hana adadin adadin wayoyin ya kai karshen hanyar su wacce ta fara daga karshen sabanin.
Menene manyan makarantu? Me yasa suke da ban sha'awa?
Superconductors sune ainihin kayan da suke da ɗayan kyawawan abubuwan kaddarorin da muka sami damar samo kuma a lokaci guda ɗaya daga cikin mafiya ƙyashi, kamar gaskiyar cewa kusan basu da juriya ga hanyar wutar lantarki ta hanyar su. Ainihin lokacin da wutar lantarki ke ratsawa ta waɗannan manyan cibiyoyin wutan lantarki ana hada su bibbiyu kuma suna tafiya cikin kayan ba tare da wani abu ya sami damar dakatar dasu ba.
Kodayake mun san wanzuwarsa kuma mun san yadda zamu same su, babbar matsalar da duk masana kimiyya ke fuskanta a yau ita ce, don ya wanzu, Dole ne a sanya waɗannan kayan cikin matsanancin yanayi na matsin lamba da ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Musamman, yawancin kayan aiki suna buƙatar zama a yanayin zafin jiki kusa da cikakkiyar sifili don gabatar da kaddarorin babban masani, wani abu wanda, kamar yadda kuke tunani, baza'a iya kiyaye shi akan lokaci ba.
Yawancin masu bincike suna aiki don haɓaka kayan aiki tare da kyawawan halaye a yanayin zafin jiki na ɗaki
Dangane da halayen manyan masu sarrafawa kamar haka, an sami masu bincike da yawa waɗanda kusan suka sadaukar da ayyukansu a cikin bincike da gano yadda za mu iya ƙirƙirar kayan da a yanayin zafin jiki yana da waɗannan kaddarorin. Yanzu da alama ƙungiyar masu bincike daga Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Skoltech sun sami nasarar gano abin da ya kasance mabuɗin don haɓaka manyan masu sarrafawa waɗanda ke iya aiki a yanayin zafin jiki na ɗaki.
Ainihin tunanin kungiyar karkashin jagorancin masanin ilimin sunadarai Artem Oganov shine ya kiyaye kuma ya gano abin da ya haifar da masu aikatawa wadanda ke cikin teburin lokaci, musamman saitin ƙarfe 15 tare da lambobin atom a tsakanin 89 da 103 kaddarorin masu iko a halin yanzu a ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa. Don aiwatar da wannan aikin, ƙungiyar ta kirkiro wani algorithm wanda zai iya bincika atomatik tsari na actinides, wanda hakan zai iya haɗuwa da actinides ta hanya mafi kyau tare da hydrogen don zama ingantacce a matsayin superconductor.
Har zuwa yanzu, sanannen superconductor shine hydrogen sulfide
A wannan gaba, gaya muku har zuwa yau, ko kuma aƙalla har zuwa lokacin da ƙungiyar masu binciken da ke aiki akan wannan aikin a yau ta sami nasarar haɓaka nau'ikan ɓata kuskure na farko na algorithm, rikodin ga superconductor wanda ke iya aiki a mafi girman zafin jiki shine gudanar da hydrogen sulfide, kayan da ke nuna wadannan kaddarorin a debe digiri 70 a ma'aunin Celsius kuma a matsin yanayi miliyan daya da rabi. Kamar yadda kake gani, kiyaye waɗannan kaddarorin a waje da yanayin dakin gwaje-gwaje ba zai yiwu ba.
Godiya ga algorithm da aka gabatar yanzu, wannan rikodin a zahiri an buge shi tare da Actinium hydrate wanda ke da ikon gabatar da kaddarorin superconductor a zazzabi ya ragu da digiri 20 a ma'aunin Celsius. Duk da komai, don aiki har yanzu yana buƙatar fuskantar matsin lamba sosai kodayake, gaskiyar ita ce cewa muna mataki ɗaya kusa da gano wannan babban daraktan da zai iya aiki a yanayin zafin jiki.
Ƙarin Bayani: karafarini