Kukho intetho malunga nokufika kwe5G iinyanga, esele iqale ukuthunyelwa kwayo kule ntwasahlobo kwiimarike ezininzi eYurophu, kubandakanya neSpain. Ukuthunyelwa kubandakanya izigaba ezibini, eyokuqala kukuKhutshwa kwe-15 3GPP eyaziwa ngokuba yi-5G NSA (engazimelanga). Ngelixa inqanaba lesibini likhupha i-16 okanye i-5G SA epheleleyo). Nangona ubukho bamagama amabini anje ngala yinto ebangela ukudideka.
Kungenxa yoko, Sikuxelela ngakumbi malunga ne-5G NSA kunye ne-5G SA, ukuze wazi izizathu zokuba kutheni kukho izigaba ezibini, ukongeza kwiiyantlukwano kunye nokuhambelana phakathi kwazo. Into ekufuneka incede ukuqonda ngcono ukuthunyelwa kwe5G emhlabeni namhlanje.
Izigaba ezibini zokuphehlelelwa
Izigaba ezibini kule meko ziqwalaselwe njenge-5G, nangona singazukufumana lonke izibonelelo de ifike urhwebo lwe5G SA. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho uluhlu olutsha lwee-eriyali ezixineneyo kunale isetyenziselwa iinethiwekhi ze4G. Nangona le ayisiyonto inkulu kude kube ngo-2021, ke kusekho ixesha elide lokuhamba.
Kwimeko ye-5G NSA, iziseko zophuhliso ziyenziwa ukugcina inethiwekhi engumbane ye-4G Evolution Packet (EPC). Nokuba ziphi na iziseko zophuhliso, bobabini baya kusebenza besebenzisa isibuko sikanomathotholo esenzelwe i-5G. Kwimeko yeSpain, iVodafone iqale ukuthunyelwa kwayo isebenzisa ibhendi ekhoyo kuphela, eyi-3,7 GHz.Abanye abasebenzisi abanjengoTelefonica okanye iMásMóvil bayayisebenzisa.
Elinye ibhendi, ibhendi ye-700 MHz, eyiyo eya kuthi incede ukwandisa i-5G, ayikafumaneki. Ayizukuhlala de kube sisiqingatha sesibini se2020, njengoko sele kwaziwa. Ifandesi iya kuququzelelwa kule meko, ke sinokulindela ukuba abaqhubi abanjengoOrange, iMovistar kunye neVodafone babelane ngekhekhe malunga noku.
I-5G NSA kunye ne-5G SA: Zombini ziyi-5G kodwa zahlukile
I-5G NSA yeyona ngoku iqala ukuhambisa kwiimarike ezininzi eYurophu. Ndiyabulela koku, abasebenzisi abanefowuni efanelekileyo baya kuxhamla kwisantya esiphezulu, esiya kuthi kwinqanaba elithile lonyuke liye kwi-2 Gbps. Kananjalo nge-latency eyancitshiswayo yaya kwi-10 ms kunye nozinzo olukhulu kunxibelelwano.
I-5G SA izakwaziswa kamva, ukusuka ngo-2020 iya kuba iyinyani kwiimeko ezininzi. Oku kuthembisa ukuba linyathelo eliphambili, kunye nenguquko kule ngqondo. Kuba yeyona iya kuvumela ukuphumeza ezinye iinkonzo, ezinje ngokuqhuba okuzimeleyo, phakathi kwabanye abaninzi. Kwimeko yeefowuni, ukubaluleka koku kuthunyelwa kukukhawulezisa, okuya kunyuka ngokubonakalayo. Ukongeza ekubeni nel latency esezantsi kunye nesantya esiphezulu sokukhuphela.
Ukudibana phakathi kwe5G NSA kunye ne5G SA
Rhoqo kwenzeka kwezi meko, sizifumana sinotshintsho olucacileyo kule meko, ngakumbi ngoku ekubeni i-5G isasazwe kwihlabathi liphela. Kuba ukufikelela kwezi zibonelelo kunye nezibonelelo Ezinikiweyo, kufuneka sibenenqanaba kunye nomqhubi osinika iinkonzo ze5G. Ukongeza ekubeni nokufikelela ekugubungelweni kwayo kunye nokuba nefowuni ehambelanayo. Ngethamsanqa, zonke ezi ndlela ziyafumaneka eSpain.
Nangona ngeli xesha, kukho umahluko othile. Ukusukela oku kuthunyelwa kwenziwa ngezigaba ezibini: i-5G NSA kunye ne5G SA. Le yinto enokuba nefuthe xa ukhetha ifowuni. Kodwa abaqhubi baya kuqinisekisa ukuba ukufuduka kubonakala elubala kubasebenzisi. Kodwa, imodem kuloo fowuni iya kuba nefuthe elicacileyo koku, esingafanele silibale nangaliphi na ixesha.
Kuba ngoku kukho iifowuni ezininzi ezithengiswayo. Inye kuphela ehambelana ne5G NSA kunye ne5G SA yiHuawei Mate 20 X 5G, Enombulelo ngokusetyenziswa kwemodem yenkampani yeBalong 5000. Ezinye iifowuni, ikakhulu ezisebenzisa i-Snapdragon 855 eneemodem zeX50 eziphuhliswe yiQualcomm, zineNSA yenethiwekhi kuphela. Ngelixa imodem elandelayo yenkampani, ngenxa yokufika esiphelweni sonyaka, kulindeleke ukuba ihambelane ne-NSA ne-SA.
I-5G NSA iyanda
Sithetha nje sikwisigaba se-NSA se5G. EYurophu sele ithunyelwe iinyanga ezimbalwa, kwakusentwasahlobo yalo nyaka xa amazwe okuqala kunye nabaqhubi beyiqalisile. Kuxhomekeke kwilizwe, sele kukho umahluko ocacileyo, kodwa sibona inkqubela phambili kule nkalo, engathandabuzekiyo inkcukacha ebalulekileyo kwintengiso:
- ISwitzerland iyisebenzise kunye ne-Swisscom kunye ne-Sunrise kwaye ngoJuni babekho kwiindawo ezingama-218 kwilizwe-
- IFinland iyithumela kunye nomqhubi we-Elisa (Iyafumaneka kwiidolophu ezintlanu ezinkulu elizweni).
- ISpain iyithumele ngoncedo lweVodafone, ngoku ekhoyo kwizixeko ezili-15
- I-United Kingdom iyithumele ngoncedo lweVodafone kwaye sele ikwizixeko ezi-7
- I-Itali ikwaxhomekeke kwiVodafone kwaye iyafumaneka kwizixeko ezili-17 xa zizonke
Kulindeleke ukuba ekwindla yalo nyaka babe ifandesi okanye ukukhupha iilayisensi kwezinye iimarike yokubaluleka, njengeFrance okanye iJamani. I-2020 iya kuba ngunyaka ophambili kule ndawo eYurophu, njengoko iya kuba njalo xa isiya kwiimarike ezininzi. Kananjalo, kwezinye iimeko amaxabiso anokuchaphazeleka kwamanye amazwe, apho baya kuhlawuliswa imali engakumbi. Ke kuyakufuneka sibone ukuba la maxabiso ayavela njani kwiYurophu kwiinyanga ezizayo.
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, ziimarike zaseAsia ezihambele phambili ngakumbi. UMzantsi Korea sele une-5G ye-NSA yorhwebo, kwaye lilizwe apho sele sifumene elona nani likhulu labasebenzisi. Ke ngale ngqiqo, kubonakala kucacile ukuba iya kuba yiAsia apho siza kubona ukwandiswa kwayo kuqala, ngaphambi kokuba le 5G SA ifike eYurophu ngo-2021.