Nangona ihlala ithatha ixesha elide okoko sithetha ngazo naziphi na iindaba ezinxulumene nelizwe le ubungakanani beekhompyuter kwaye siyazazi iindaba, into enokukwenza ukuba ucinge ukuba lo mbandela ungaphezulu kunokuba ungabonakala, inyani kukuba ichasene, sinobungqina bento endiyithethayo emsebenzini omtsha osandula ukutyhilwa liqela yabaphandi abavela kwi IYunivesithi yaseNew South Wales (Ostreliya).
Njengokuba eli qela labaphandi lipapashe ephepheni elithetha ngomsebenzi wabo, kuyacaca ukuba bakwazile, emva kweenyanga neenyanga zophuhliso novavanyo, ukwenza uyilo olutsha ikhompyuter ye-quantum esinokuthi sikwazi ngayo ukwenza iichips ze-quantum kakhulu ngexabiso eliphantsi, kulula ukuvelisa kwaye ngaphezu kwako konke, into ebaluleke kakhulu namhlanje, ekwaziyo Nika amandla ukonakala yenkqubo.
Yintoni ikhompyutha yequantum?
Okwangoku, masiqhubeke sikhumbule ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ikhompyuter ye-quantum, kwimivumbo ebanzi nayo yonke into eyinikezelayo. Njengoko inkcazo kwinqanaba eliphezulu kakhuluNgaphandle kokungena kwiinkcukacha, sinokuthetha ngento yokuba olu hlobo lwekhompyuter lusebenzisa okubizwa ngokuba ikubit okanye iibithi ze-quantum. Ezi qubits zenziwe, ngokulandelelana, zothotho lwamasuntswana anokuziphatha kwe-quantum.
Yile nto kanye ebenza bahluleke kwiinkqubo zekhompyuter eziqhelekileyo apho isuntswana ngalinye, njengoko usazi ngokuqinisekileyo, linamazwe amabini anokubakho, 0 okanye 1. Endaweni I-qubits inokuba ngumzuzu onikiweyo 1 okanye 0 kodwa zombini zombini ngaxeshanye, Naso kanye isizathu sokuba ii-qbits zikwazi ukuqhubekeka ulwazi ngakumbi kunendlela encinci njengoko sisazi.
Ikhompyuter ye-quantum kufuneka yakhiwe kusetyenziswa ii-qubit ezininzi kwaye zona, zona, kufuneka zinxulunyaniswe omnye komnye zenze inethiwekhi enkulu ekwaziyo ukwenza zonke ezi zibalo ze-quantum. Namhlanje, abaphandi balwenzile olu hlobo lomsebenzi womnatha ukuba nje Isithuba phakathi kweekubits zinqabile iian nanometers, into efuna ukuba onke amanye amacandelo enkqubo, sithetha ngolawulo lwe-elektroniki okanye izixhobo zokufunda, phakathi kwezinye, kufuneka zenziwe ngeli nqanaba.
IYunivesithi yaseNew South Wales iveza ubume bohlaziyo lweekhompyuter ze-quantum
Nje ukuba sikuthathele ingqalelo konke oku, lixesha lokuba sibuyele emsebenzini owenziwe kwiDyunivesithi yaseNew South Wales apho, kuyabonakala ukuba, kuye kwenziwa i-qubit entsha enokuthi iguqule ikhompyuter ye-quantum njengoko siyazi. Kuyabonakala ukuba, iqela labaphandi, elikhokelwa ngu UAndrea Morello y Guilherme Tosi, Uyile into abazibiza yona ngokwabo qubit iflip-flop, enoyilo esinokuthi ngalo senze iiprosesa ze-quantum zitshiphu kwaye kube lula ukuzenza.
Olu luyilo lutsha lune Ukubaluleka kokuqulunqwa kwee-athomu ze-phosphorus Ezi zifakwe kwi-chip ye-silicon efana kakhulu naleyo isetyenziswa namhlanje kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyuter yethu. Ndiyabulela kolu hlengahlengiso lutsha, abaphuhlisi ngoku bazokwazi ukukala iikhompyuter zabo ngaphandle kokubeka zonke iiathom ngokuchanekileyo, indlela esetyenziswayo namhlanje kwezinye iindlela ezininzi ezenzelwe ukulinganisa ezi ntlobo zeekhompyuter.
Elinye lamanqaku elenza le projekthi ibe yinguqulelo kukuba ngokusebenzisa i-elektronon kunye nenucleus ye-phosphorus atom, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba, ngokuchaseneyo nale nto yenzekayo namhlanje, akusafuneki ukubeka onke amacandelo kufutshane omnye komnye ukuze kwenziwe ubalo oluninzi. Ngokukodwa ngoku ii-qubits zinokunxibelelana omnye komnye kumgama omde kakhulu ukuba ulwazi lufakelwe kumdibaniso wobungakanani be-electron kunye nenucleus kuba oku kunokuba ilawulwa ziimpawu zombane endaweni yemagnethi, ke ngoko kuqinisekisa ukuba kukho indawo eyoneleyo yokufakelwa konxibelelwano oluyimfuneko, imigca yokulawula kunye nezixhobo zokufunda ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba zenziwe kwinqanaba le-athomu.