Isixhobo sokuqala sokulinganisa ubushushu yenziwe nguGalileo Galilei Kwaye ekuqaleni wabhaptizwa njenge-thermoscope. I-thermoscope yayiyityhubhu yeglasi enendawo evaliweyo kwelinye icala eyayifakwe kumxube wamanzi kunye notywala obufudunyezwe ukuze inyuke ityhubhu apho bekukho isikali senani.
Ukusukela ngoko, i-thermometer kaGalileo uGalileo iguqukele ekuziqhelaniseni nazo zonke iintlobo zemilinganiselo, ngokuba yi-mercury thermometer (eyenziwe nguGabriel Fahrenheit ngo-1714) enye yezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni ukulinganisa ubushushu bomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu, ukwenziwa kwayo akuvumelekanga kumazwe amaninzi.
Nangona abantu abaninzi bexhomekeke kwii-thermometer ze-mercury ukulinganisa ubushushu bomzimba, kuya kusiba nzima ukuzifumana kwimarike. Esinye isisombululo kukusebenzisa iithemomitha zedijithali, nangona ngamanye amaxesha zinika imvakalelo yokuba ixesha ngalinye zisetyenziswa zibonelela ngemilinganiselo eyahlukileyo ngokungafaniyo nethermomitha zemveli zemveli.
Ukuba iithemometha zedijithali azikuqinisekisi, isisombululo kukusebenzisa iithemometha zegaliyamu, ezi zezona zilungileyo kunezinye ebomini. I-Gallium thermometers, njenge-thermometer ye-mercury, zithathwa njengezona zichanekileyoEyona nto iphosakeleyo kubo lixesha elide elifunekayo lokufumana umlinganiso ochanekileyo, ukongeza ekwenziweni kweglasi, ke zibuthathaka kakhulu nakuphi na ukuwa okunokwenzeka.
Yintoni i-gallium
Njengoko benditshilo ngasentla, i-mercury yayeka ukusetyenziswa ekwenziweni kweethemometha ngo-2007, xa i-European Union iyinqandile ngenxa yenqanaba eliphezulu lobutyhefu kungekuphela kwabantu, kodwa nokusingqongileyo.
Indawo ye-mercury kwi-thermometers yayiyi-gallium, kunokuba i-galinstane (galinstan ngesiNgesi: gallium, inwanika kwaye stannum), ingxubevange ye-gallium (68,5%), i-indium (21,5%) kunye ne-tin (10%) enika ukuchaneka okufana ncam noko sinokukufumana kwii-thermometer ze-mercury.
IGallium isetyenziselwa izixhobo zamandla enyukliya ukuzinzisa iplutonium, ngaphakathi kweeteleskopu ukufumana i-neutrinos, ikhona kwezinye iindidi zeepaneli zelanga kunye nezibuko, inokusetyenziswa kwialuminiyam ukwenza ihydrogen ngokuphendula ngamanzi, isetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantu abane-calcium egazini ...
Izibonelelo ze-gallium thermometers
Izibonelelo ze-gallium thermometers Ziyefana ngokufanayo nesele sinokuzifumana kwii-thermometer ze-mercury kwaye zisebenza kuninzi lweethemometha ezingezizo ezidijithali.
- Ukuhlala ixesha elide. Njengama-thermometer e-mercury, i-gallium thermometers zinobomi obungenasiphelo, oko kuthetha ukuba baya kuhlala besebenza njengosuku lokuqala ukuba nje abaphuli.
- El Uluhlu lwempazamo ngu-0,1 ° C.
- Ngokungafaki i-mercury, ngaba kunjalo ezinzileyo kokusingqongileyo kwaye inokuphinda isetyenziswe ngokulula.
- Nangona kukho onke amaxabiso, ngokubanzi, kunjalo ngexabiso eliphantsi kuneethemometha zedijithali.
- Ukucoca ngokulula, kuba ngesepha encinci sinokunciphisa umda weglasi.
Isebenza njani i-Gallium Thermometers
Ukusebenza kwee-thermometer ze-gallium kuyafana noko kweemhemomitha zeemekyuri. Into yokuqala yokujonga ngaphambi kokuyibeka kwindawo yomlinganiso yile ulwelo ngaphakathi lungaphantsi kwama-36 degrees ukuyishukumisa iphindaphinda de ibe kuloo nqanaba.
Emva koko siyibeka kwindawo yomzimba apho sifuna ukulinganisa khona, ngokubanzi emlonyeni, ekhwapheni okanye kwi-rectum kwaye silinde okungenani imizuzu emi-4. Ngokungafaniyo neethemometha zedijithali ezilinganisa ngemizuzwana, iithermomitha zegaliyum (ezinjengeemekyuri) zifuna imizuzu embalwa ukwenza umlinganiso ochanekileyo.
Nje ukuba sifumane umlinganiso ohambelana nawo kufuneka coca indawo yokulinganisa ithemometha ngesepha yesandla kwaye uyigungqise kaninzi de i-gallium ingaphantsi kwama-36 degrees kwaye uyigcine kwimeko ehambelana nayo kwindawo epholileyo, enomoya, ekhuselweyo elangeni.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-gallium thermometer iyaqhekeka
Gallium Thermometers zenziwe ngeglasi, ukuze kuthi xa kukho ukuwa ngengozi baphule kwaye bangabi namsebenzi kwaphela ekusinyanzeleni ukuba sithenge entsha.
Ngokumalunga nomxholo wezinto zayo zangaphakathi, I-gallium ayisiyonto inetyhefu ngokungathi yi-mercury eyayikwi-thermometers zokuqala ezazenziwe de kwaba phakathi ku-2007 eYurophu.
Ukuba sinomdla wokuchukumisa i-gallium, xa siyifumana inxibelelana nolusu iya kunyamalala ngenxa yombala womzimba. Kwenzeka into efanayo xa ithemometha esebenzisa utywala obunemibala ukwenza imilinganiselo yobushushu isaphuka. Ngentsalela yethemometha, eyiglasi, sinokuphinda siyisebenzise kwakhona kwisitya sokurisayikilisha esihambelanayo.
Yeyiphi ithemometha yokuthenga
Ngokungafaniyo ne-mercury thermometers, i-gallium thermometers Azifani zonke njengoko nganye inikezela ngokusebenza okongeziweyo. Ukuba sijonge ezona thermometers zegallium, kufuneka sithathele ingqalelo ukuba zeziphi iimpawu ezisinika zona kunye nokuba yintoni eyenza zahluke kwezinye.
Xa uthenga ithemometha yegalum, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba iglasi sukubandakanya izinto eziyityhefu Kwaye ayenziwanga ngezinto zeplastiki, kuba ezi aziboneleli ngomlinganiso ochanekileyo. Ukuba yenziwe ngezinto zokulwa ne-allergenic, kungcono.
Xa wehlisa iqondo lobushushu ukuze uphinde uthathe imilinganiselo okanye uphinde uyibuyisele kwimeko yayo, kufuneka sishukume ithemometha. Ezinye iimodeli ukudibanisa inkqubo ebizwa tshaker, evumela ukuba ishukunyiswe ngokukhawuleza nangakumbi, kwaye kuthintelwe ngexesha lenkqubo inokutsiba emoyeni.
Uluhlu lokulinganisa lwazo zonke iithemometha iphakathi kwama-35,5 nama-42 degrees, ke ukuba sifumana iimodeli ezisinika umlinganiso obanzi, kufuneka singazithembi, kuba iqondo lobushushu lomzimba womzimba lifumaneka kuphela phakathi kobona buninzi kunye nobuncinci
Elinye inqaku ekufuneka silithathele ingqalelo xa kuthengwa ithermometer yenyongo ukuba ibandakanya a ilensi eyenza kube lula ukufunda ubushushu. Iithemometha azikaze zibonakaliswe ngokunikezela ngemilinganiselo elula ukuyibona ikakhulu ngenxa yobungakanani bayo, ke ukuba ibandakanya ilensi eyenza ukuba kufundwe iya kuhlala iyancomeka.