Sonke siwevile amazwi ikhompyuter ye-quantum ngamanye amaxesha, kodwa ngokubanzi bambalwa kakhulu abayaziyo ukuba yintoni kanye kanye. Kwabaninzi, into yokuqala efika engqondweni yikhompyuter enamandla kakhulu, ekwaziyo ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi kodwa ngesantya esiphezulu, kodwa ayisiyo ikhompyutha elula enamandla amakhuluIngaphezulu kunoko.
Nangona kunjalo aba ngoomatshini abangenakufikelela kuluntu jikelele, zivelisa umdla omkhulu wokufuna ukwazi. Kule nqaku sichaza ukuba yintoni ikhompyuter ye-quantum kwaye isetyenziselwa ntoni kwaye zeziphi izinto ze-quantum esekwe kumandla ayo.
Index
Yintoni ikhompyuter yequantum?
Iikhompyuter ze-Quantum ngoomatshini abakhulu abasebenzisa amathuba athile oomatshini be-quantum ukufezekisa ukwanda okukhulu kwamandla okulungisa. Iikhompyuter ze-Quantum ziyakwazi ukugcina kunye nebhitumini kuyo nayiphi na ikhompyuter yekhompyuter yendabuko. Into edla ngokubhekiswa kuyo njengobungangamsha be-quantum.
Ngaba oku kuthetha ukuba sonke siza kugqiba ukuba nekhompyuter ye-quantum ekhaya ukuze sigqobhoze kwi-intanethi okanye sidlale imidlalo yevidiyo? Ngokuqinisekileyo akunjalo. Oomatshini bakudala baya kuqhubeka nokuba sisisombululo esiqhelekileyo ukusombulula iingxaki zethu kunye nokusekwa kwethu kukuzonwabisa. Ikwanayo noqoqosho kakhulu.
Iikhompyuter ze-Quantum zithembisa ukuba ziya konyusa iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobuchwephesha, ezinje ngesayensi, amayeza okanye ufuzo. Ezinye iinkampani sele ziqala ukuzisebenzisa ukwenza iimveliso zazo ezintsha, ezinje ngokukhanya okutsha kunye nezixhobo ezizinzileyo ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo ipetroli eshushu.
Isebenza njani ikhompyuter ye-quantum?
Aba matshini abawasekeli amandla abo kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo, Njengaleyo sinokuyifumana kwiikhompyuter zethu zasekhaya, ayithethi ngamakhadi emizobo emikhulu kunye neeprosesa, iya ngaphezulu kakhulu kunoko, zombini ngobuninzi kunye nobunzima. Imfihlo yamandla ekhompyuter ye-quantum ilele kumandla ayo okuvelisa kunye nokusebenzisa ii-quantum bits okanye ikubub.
Yintoni iQubit?
Iikhompyuter zemveli zisebenzisa iibits, megabytes, gigabits…. Umjelo wombane okanye ombane we-pulses omele abo kunye neqanda. Umhlaba opheleleyo ovela kwi-imeyile, iwebhusayithi okanye imovie esiyibonayo kwi-Intanethi, zibalulekile kwikhonkco elide le-zeros kunye nezo.
Iikhompyuter ze-Quantum zisebenzisa i-qubits, amasuntswana e-subatomic anjengee-elektroni okanye iifotoni. Inkqubo yeenkampani ezithile ziyathanda UGoogle uthembele kwiisekethe ezihamba kakhulu ezipholileyo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kunendawo enzulu. Abanye babambisa iiathom ezizodwa kumacandelo ombane kwi-chip yesilicon, kwigumbi elinomshini. Kuwo omabini la mathuba injongo kukuzahlula qubits zikwisimo se-quantum esilawulwayo.
Ii-Qubits zineempawu ezizodwa, ezenza ukuba iqela lazo likwazi ukunika amandla okuqhubekeka ngaphezulu kunenani elifanayo leebit bits. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ibizwa ngokuba yi-superposition kunye ne-quantum entanglement.
Yintoni i-quantum superposition?
Ubuninzi be-Quantum benzeka kwindalo, xa isuntswana elithile ngaxeshanye linamazwe amabini okanye nangaphezulu, njengoko kusenzeka ngeefoton, banokuhlala kwiindawo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elinye, into engacingekiyo kwilizwe eliqhelekileyo lomzimba.
Le propati ibonwa nakwamanye amasuntswana anje ngee-elektroni okanye ii-neutron, kwiiathom okanye nakwiimolekyuli ezincinci. Olu hambo luye lwakhokelela kwizazinzulu ukuba zibuze ukuba uphi umda phakathi kwehlabathi le-quantum kunye nento esiyibiza ngokuba lihlabathi lokwenyani, xa isuntswana liphela ukuba yi-quantum kwaye liphantsi kwemithetho yendalo eyaziwayo.
Ngombulelo wale nto, ikhompyuter ye-quantum enequbit ezininzi ezigqagqeneyo zinokufika kwinani elikhulu leziphumo ezinokubakho ngaxeshanye.
Ukungena kwi-Quantum
Unako ukuvelisa izibini ze "qhinga" ezixineneyo, apho zombini zikho kwimeko efanayo. Guqula imeko yenye yeekubits inokutshintsha imeko yangomnye nomnye ngendlela enokuxelwa kwangaphambili, oku kuyenzeka nokuba nikude kude.
Ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba kutheni okanye kutheni ukubanjiswa kwe-quantum kusebenza ngokwenene. Into ekwaziyo ukudida uAlbert Einstein ngokwakhe, owayenokuyichaza "njengesenzo esoyikisayo kude". Ukufakwa kubalulekile kwiikhompyuter ze-quantum ukufumana amandla amakhulu. Kwikhompyuter eqhelekileyo, ukuphindaphinda kabini inani leebits liphindwe kabini ekusebenzeni kwalo. Kwimeko yekhompyuter ye-quantum, ukongeza ii-qubits ezongezelelweyo kuvelisa ukwanda okubonakalayo kumthamo wayo.
Oomatshini basebenzise ithuba le-qubits ebambeke kuhlobo lwekhonkco le-daisy ukwenza imisebenzi. Isakhono soomatshini bokukhawulezisa ukubala ngee-algorithms eziyilwe ngokukodwa sisizathu sokuba bavelise uchulumanco olungaka.
Kodwa ayisiyiyo yonke into ekhethekileyo xa isiza kwiikhompyuter ze-quantum, kuba zichaphazeleka kakhulu kwiimpazamo, ngenxa yokungahambelani kokubala.
Ukungangqinelani
Esi sisenzeko esibangela ukuba i-quantum yokuziphatha ibole kwaye ekugqibeleni inyamalale ngenxa yokuhlangana kwe-qubits kunye nokusingqongileyo, kuba imeko yabo ye-quantum ibuthathaka kakhulu. Ukungcangcazela okuncinci okanye utshintsho lwamaqondo obushushu kunokubangela ukuba ezi zinto ziphume kwindawo enye ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ugqitywe. Ngesi sizathu, ii-qubits zihlala zigcinwa kwiifriji nakwigumbi lokucoca kwiqondo eliphantsi kakhulu.
Ikhompyuter ye-quantum kaGoogle
UGoogle akafuni kushiyeka ngasemva xa kufikwa kubuchwephesha be-quantum, isigebenga saseMntla Melika Uvelise ikhompyuter ye-quantum ekwaziyo ukubala kwimizuzwana engama-200, ethi yona kwi-super pc yemveli ithathe iminyaka elishumi. Kungenxa yoko le nto ibhengeza ukuba iikhompyuter zobungakanani bexesha elizayo. Nangona ukhuphiswano lwayo i-IBM ingavumelani ncam.
Abaphandi abangathathi hlangothi babonisa ukuba ikhompyuter ye-Google ye-quantum kufuneka yenze inani elingacwangciswanga elinokuphumelela kuphela ukuba zonke izinto zekhompyuter zisebenza ngokuvisisana ngokugqibeleleyo.
UGoogle akacwangcisi ukubuyela emva kolu gqatso kwaye ke uthembisa ukutyala imali eninzi kule teknoloji. Kwimeko kaGoogle, sinokuqikelela ukuba oku kuyakuba njalo, nangona i-IMB ingazimiselanga kuhlala phantsi ngenxa yokuba uninzi lwezixhobo zayo zinikezelwe ekuphuculeni obu buchwephesha. Ixesha liza kuxela ukuba uGoogle yedwa uyakwazi ukuphucula ubukhulu be-quantum okanye ukuba ufuna ukujoyina ukhuphiswano lwayo.
Itekhnoloji ethi inokusixhamlisa sonke, kuphuhliso lwamayeza akwaziyo ukunyanga izifo ayinyangeki ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
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