Kube nenkulumo ngokufika kwe-5G izinyanga, esivele iqale ukuthunyelwa kwayo kule ntwasahlobo ezimakethe eziningana eYurophu, kufaka phakathi iSpain. Lokhu kuthunyelwa kunezigaba ezimbili, eyokuqala yi-Release 15 3GPP eyaziwa kangcono njenge-5G NSA (engazimele). Ngenkathi isigaba sesibili kungukukhishwa kwe-16 noma i-5G SA ephelele. Yize ukuba khona kwamagama amabili afana nalawa kuyinto edala ukudideka.
Ngalokho, Sikutshela kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini i-5G NSA ne-5G SA, ukuze wazi izizathu zokuthi kungani kunezigaba ezimbili, ngaphezu komehluko nokuhambisana phakathi kwazo. Okuthile okufanele kusize ukuqonda kangcono ukuthunyelwa kwe-5G emhlabeni namuhla.
Izigaba ezimbili zokuqalisa
Izigaba ezimbili kuleli cala zibhekwa njenge-5G, yize singeke sibe nazo zonke izinzuzo ize ifike ukuthengiswa kwe-5G SA. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona i-antenna array denser entsha kunaleyo esetshenziselwe amanethiwekhi we-4G. Yize lokhu akuyona into enkulu kuze kube ngu-2021, ngakho-ke sisenesikhathi eside okufanele senziwe.
Endabeni ye-5G NSA, ingqalasizinda yayo iyasetshenziswa ukugcina inethiwekhi eyi-4G core Evolve Packet (EPC). Akunandaba nengqalasizinda, bobabili bazosebenza besebenzisa i-spectrum yomsakazo emiselwe i-5G. Endabeni yeSpain, iVodafone isiqalile ukusetshenziswa kwayo isebenzisa ibhendi kuphela etholakalayo, eyi-3,7 GHz. Abanye opharetha abanjengoTelefonica noma iMásMóvil nabo bazoyisebenzisa.
Elinye iqembu, i-700 MHz band, okuyilona elizosiza ukukhulisa i-5G, alikatholakali. Ngeke kuze kube okungenani uhhafu wesibili ka-2020, njengoba sekuvele kwaziwa. Kuzohlelwa indali kuleli cala, ngakho-ke singalindela ukuthi opharetha abanjengo-Orange, Movistar kanye noVodafone babelane ngekhekhe kulokhu.
I-5G NSA ne-5G SA: Zombili ziyi-5G kodwa zehlukile
I-5G NSA iyona okwamanje iqala ukusetshenziswa ezimakethe eziningi eYurophu. Ngenxa yalokhu, abasebenzisi abanefoni ehambisanayo bazozuza ngejubane eliphakeme, okuzothi ngesikhathi esithile likhulele ku-2 Gbps. Futhi nge-latency eyehliselwe ku-10 ms nokuqina okukhulu ekuxhumekeni okushiwo.
I-5G SA izokwethulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusuka ngo-2020 kuzobe sekuvele kuyinto engokoqobo ezimweni eziningi. Lokhu kuthembisa ukuba yisigaba esiyisihluthulelo, kanye nesokuguqula umbuso ngalo mqondo. Njengoba kunguye ozovumela ukwenza ezinye izinsizakalo, njengokushayela okuzimele, phakathi kokunye okuningi. Endabeni yezingcingo, ukubaluleka kwalokhu kuthunyelwa ngejubane, okuzokwanda kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokuba ne-latency ephansi kakhulu nejubane eliphakeme lokulanda.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-5G NSA ne-5G SA
Njengoba kwenzeka kaningi kulezi zimo, sithola ushintsho olucacile kulokhu, ikakhulukazi manje njengoba i-5G isatshalaliswa emhlabeni jikelele. Ngoba ukufinyelela kulezi zinzuzo nezinzuzo okunikezwayo, kufanele sibe nesilinganiso kanye nomhlinzeki osinikeza izinsizakalo ze-5G. Ngaphezu kokuthola ukutholakala kwayo nokuba nefoni ehambisanayo. Ngenhlanhla, zonke lezi zinketho ziyatholakala eSpain.
Yize lesi sikhathi, kukhona nokwehluka okuthile. Njengoba lokhu kuthunyelwa kwenziwa ngezigaba ezimbili: i-5G NSA ne-5G SA. Lokhu kuyinto engaba nomthelela lapho ukhetha ifoni. Kepha opharetha bazoqinisekisa ukuthi ukufuduka kusobala kubasebenzisi. Kepha, imodemu kuleyo foni kuzoba nomthelela ocacile kulokhu, okungafanele sikukhohlwe noma nini.
Njengoba okwamanje kunezingcingo eziningi ezithengiswayo. Ukuphela kokuhambisana ne-5G NSA ne-5G SA yiHuawei Mate 20 X 5G, okuwukubonga ngokusetshenziswa kwemodemu yenkampani eyeBalong 5000. Amanye amafoni, asebenzisa kakhulu i-Snapdragon 855 enemodemu ye-X50 eyenziwe yiQualcomm, anokusekelwa kwenethiwekhi kwe-NSA kuphela. Ngenkathi imodemu elandelayo yale nkampani, okumele ifike ekupheleni konyaka, kulindeleke ukuthi ihambisane neNSA neSA.
I-5G NSA iyanweba
Njengamanje sisesigabeni se-5G NSA. E-Europe ibisebenza okufanayo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, bekuyintwasahlobo yalo nyaka lapho amazwe okuqala nabasebenza kuyo bekuqalile. Ngokuya ngezwe, sekuvele kukhona umehluko ocacile, kepha sibona inqubekela phambili eyanele kulokhu, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki imininingwane ebalulekile emakethe:
- ISwitzerland isisebenzisile nabasebenza eSwitzerlandcom naseSunrise kwathi ngoJuni babekhona ezindaweni ezingama-218 ezweni-
- IFinland iyisebenzisa ne-opharetha u-Elisa (Itholakala emadolobheni amahlanu amakhulu ezweni).
- ISpain isisebenzisile ngosizo lweVodafone, okwamanje etholakala emadolobheni ayi-15
- I-United Kingdom nayo isisebenzisile ngosizo lweVodafone futhi isivele isemadolobheni ayi-7
- I-Italy nayo ithembele kuVodafone futhi itholakala emadolobheni ayi-17 esewonke
Kulindeleke ukuthi ekwindla yalonyaka bazokwenza kanjalo indali noma ukukhipha amalayisense kwezinye izimakethe okubaluleke, njengeFrance noma iJalimane. U-2020 uzoba unyaka obalulekile kulo mkhakha eYurophu, njengoba kuzoba lapho uphuma ngempela ezimakethe eziningi. Futhi, kwezinye izimo amanani angathinteka kwamanye amazwe, lapho kuzokhokhiswa imali ethe xaxa ngawo. Ngakho-ke kuzofanele sibone ukuthi la mazinga aguqukela kanjani eYurophu ezinyangeni ezizayo.
Ngaphandle kweYurophu, kuyizimakethe e-Asia esezithuthuke kakhulu. ISouth Korea isivele ine-5G NSA yezentengiso, futhi yizwe lapho sesivele sithola khona inani elikhulu kakhulu labasebenzisi. Ngakho-ke ngalo mqondo, kubonakala kucace ukuthi kuzoba yi-Asia lapho sizobona khona ukwanda kwayo kuqala, ngaphambi kokuba le 5G SA ifike eYurophu ngo-2021.