- Ukuqonda amakhasimende axhumene kukhomba izinkinga zokusetshenziswa kanye nokusebenza, futhi kusiza ekutholeni abangeneleli ababeka engcupheni ubumfihlo kanye nokuzibophezela.
- Ukusebenzisa amathuluzi (izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, izinhlelo ze-Windows kanye nephaneli ye-router) kukuvumela ukuthi ubhale amakheli e-IP/MAC, ulinganise isignali ye-RSSI, futhi uqaphe ithrafikhi nemicimbi.
- Qinisa inethiwekhi: buyekeza i-firmware, shintsha amaphasiwedi, khubaza i-WPS, vumela i-WPA3, bese ubuyekeza amalogi ukuze uvimbele ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe.
Kunoma yiliphi ikhaya noma ihhovisi, inethiwekhi engenantambo igcwele amafoni, amakhompyutha aphathekayo, ama-TV, amakhonsoli, namadivayisi e-IoT, futhi asazi njalo ukuthi ubani oxhumekile noma uma yonke into isebenza ngendlela okufanele. Ukubonakala kumadivayisi usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi yakho ku-Windows 11 nakumzila womzila ngokwawo kusiza ukugwema izimanga nokuxazulula izinkinga zansuku zonke. Lawula amaklayenti axhunyiwe, amandla esignali yawo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo imaka umehluko phakathi kwenethiwekhi ezinzile naleyo edonsayo.
Ngokungeziwe ohlangothini lobuchwepheshe, kukhona ingxenye yezokuphepha esobala: ukuthola abangeneleli, ukubavimba, nokuqinisa inethiwekhi ngokulungiswa okuyisisekelo kukusindisa enkingeni kanye nesibopho sezomthetho. Ngamathuluzi ambalwa eselula kanye ne-PC, kanye nokufinyelela kuphaneli yomzila, ungafaka kuhlu amadivayisi, ukhombe ngayinye nge-IP/MAC yayo, futhi uthathe isinyathelo uma okuthile kungalingani. Ungasebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezikusiza thola uma ngabe i-Wi-Fi yakho iyebiwa ku-Android ukuze uthole ukuthula kwengqondo okwengeziwe.
Kungani kufanele ubone ukuthi ubani oxhumeke ku-Wi-Fi yakho
Olunye lwezimpawu ezijwayelekile lapho kunamadivayisi amaningi kakhulu noma umuntu eziphatha ngendlela engajwayelekile ukunensa. Uma inethiwekhi inyakaza, kungase kube nokugcwala kwesikhala noma idivayisi eyodwa edla ngokweqile.. Ukwazi ukuthi ubani oku-inthanethi nokuqapha ithrafikhi kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole umenzi wecala futhi buyisa ukusebenza.
Enye inkinga ukukhathala kwekheli le-DHCP IP. Ngokusetha ibanga elifushane, umzila uyayeka ukwamukela amaklayenti amasha lapho ichibi ligcwele. Uma kungazelelwe ungakwazi ukuxhuma idivayisi futhi ububanzi busemkhawulweni wabo, mhlawumbe othile usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi yakho futhi udla i-IP ngaphandle kwemvume.
Ungase futhi ube neziphazamiso ezincane ezifana namakholi evidiyo awehlisiwe, ukulanda okumile, noma ukuphequlula okuyiphutha. Ukuminyana okuphezulu kwamaklayenti axhumeke ngesikhathi esisodwa endaweni yokufinyelela kungabangela ukusikeka okuncane, ikakhulukazi uma beqhudelana ngebhendi efanayo egcwele noma isiteshi.
Ukuvikeleka kuyisihluthulelo: Ukuhlasela komuntu ophakathi nendawo kungahlola umsebenzi wakho noma kusebenzise uxhumano lwakho ngezinjongo ezingekho emthethweni. Uma isigebengu sigqekeza kunethiwekhi yakho, izinkinga zobumfihlo nezikweletu ziyaphakama. ukuwela kumnikazi wolayini, ngakho-ke kuyalulekwa ukuthola nokukhipha amadivaysi angagunyaziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Thola ukwehluleka kweklayenti futhi uhlole ukuxhumeka
Ukubuka uhlu lwamaklayenti kusiza ukukhipha amaphutha ayisisekelo. Ingabe i-Smart TV yakho ayisakazi? Hlola ukuthi liyavela yini kunethiwekhi futhi lithola ikheli le-IP. Lapho uhlola i-inventory yeklayenti kumzila noma ngezinhlelo zokusebenza, uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idivayisi iku-inthanethi yini nokuthi igcina nini ukwenza kanjalo, ngenxa yamalogi oxhumano/wokunqamula.
Uma usola izinkinga zokuqinisekisa noma ukuhlaselwa kokuqinisekisa, ukubuyekeza amalogi omzila kungase kunikeze izinkomba. Thola okufakiwe okuvamise ukunqanyulwa kusuka kudivayisi efanayo ikhombisa ukuphazamiseka, isignali ephansi noma imizamo yokuphoqa ukuwa kwayo.
Amanye amarutha abonisa amandla esiginali etholwa yiklayenti ngalinye (RSSI). Ukuze uthole ireferensi: Cishe. phakathi kuka-−30 no-−60 dBm imvamisa iyisignali enhle, ukusuka ku-−60 kuya ku-−80 dBm iyisilinganiso futhi ingaphansi kuka-−80 dBm impofuImikhiqizo efana ne-ASUS noma i-AVM FRITZ!Box inikeza le datha ukuze ikusize kala isignali ye-Wi-Fi nokwandisa izindawo.
Vimbela ukugxambukela ngokuqinisa ezokuphepha
Uma ubona ifoni noma ikhompuyutha ohlwini ongayazi, thatha isinyathelo. Shintsha iphasiwedi yakho ye-Wi-Fi ngokushesha, khubaza i-WPS, futhi usebenzise i-WPA3 uma umzila wakho ukuvumela.. Ukwengeza, shintsha iphasiwedi yokuphatha yerutha bese ulondoloza imininingwane entsha kumphathi ovikelekile.
Lezi zinyathelo eziyisisekelo ziwumugqa wakho wokuqala wokuzivikela. Iphasiwedi eqinile, ukubethela okufanele, kanye ne-WPS kukhutshaziwe Banciphisa kakhulu ubungozi bokufinyelela okungagunyaziwe. Uma uthola isigebengu, vimba ikheli laso le-MAC uma irutha ilivumela futhi uphoqelele amadivayisi akho ukuthi axhume kabusha ngemva kokushintsha iphasiwedi.
Ungawabuka kanjani amadivayisi axhunywe ku-Wi-Fi usebenzisa iselula yakho
Uma ukhetha ukukwenza usebenzisa ifoni yakho, kunezinhlelo zokusebenza ezinembile zokuhlola inethiwekhi. Hlala ulanda esitolo esisemthethweni sesistimu yakho (i-Google Play noma i-App Store) ukuze ugweme izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinonya futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uxhumeke kunethiwekhi yakho ngaphambi kokuskena.
Fing
I-Fing ye-Android ne-iOS iskena i-LAN yakho futhi ifake ohlwini ngokushesha amaklayenti axhunyiwe, ngamagama, i-IP, i-MAC, isistimu yokusebenza, noma umkhiqizi. Akudingi ukubhaliswa ukuze ubuke ulwazi oluyisisekelo futhi ilungele ukuhlonza ngokushesha ukuthi ikhompuyutha ethile iku-inthanethi yini.Ingakusiza futhi ukuthi uthole amadivayisi angaziwa ukuze uthathe isinyathelo.
Ubani oku-WiFi yami
Lolu hlelo lokusebenza luklanyelwe ukubona abahlaseli futhi lunikeza amathuluzi engeziwe njenge-ping, isibali se-IP, nokuskena kwembobo. Ngokungeziwe ekuvikelekeni, ikusiza ukuthi uqinisekise uma idivayisi ethile ixhunyiwe., ebonisa isamba sokubala nemininingwane ngedivayisi.
Umtshina wesela le-WiFi
Ikhethekile ekutholeni amaklayenti angagunyaziwe, ibonisa amadivayisi axhunyiwe ane-IP yawo, i-MAC, nohlobo. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulula: ufaka isigaba samadivayisi futhi uthole uhlu oluphelele, okukuvumela ukuthi uphathe inethiwekhi yakho ngokulawula okukhulu.
Ungawabona kanjani amadivayisi axhumeke ku-Wi-Fi yakho ngeWindows
Ku-Windows 11, kunezinhlelo zamahhala eziskena inethiwekhi yendawo futhi zifake uhlu lwamadivayisi. Ziwusizo ekubhaleni izinto zokusebenza, ekutholeni abahlaseli, noma ekuxilongeni ukuthi into okufanele ixhumeke ayikho yini..
I-Wiredless Network Watcher
Leli thuluzi lamahhala le-Windows libonisa amaklayenti axhunyiwe ngamagama awo, i-IP ne-MAC. Vele ulugijime ukuze uthole uhlu ngemizuzwana bese uqinisekisa ukuthi ikhonsoli, iphrinta noma i-TV ixhunyiwe ngempela.
I-Fing (inguqulo yedeskithophu)
Inguqulo ye-PC ihlanganisa ukugadwa komkhawulokudonsa, izexwayiso zedivayisi entsha, kanye nokutholwa kwedivayisi okusolisayo. Ngesisekelo sayo esikhulu sabasebenzisi, iyisudi ekhulile yokugcina inethiwekhi yakho ilawulwa. kusuka kwikhompyutha.
I-SoftPerfect Wi-Fi Guard
Itholakala ezinguqulweni ezifakekayo neziphathekayo, iskena inethiwekhi futhi ibonise igama, i-IP ne-MAC. Ukhetha i-adaptha yakho, cindezela Skena bese uthola i-inventory ukukhomba ngokushesha amadivayisi.
Iskena Esithuthukile se-IP
Idume kakhulu ku-Windows, ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ukuskena okusheshayo ngobubanzi be-IP futhi uhlukanise amadivayisi ngamagama, i-IP noma umenzi. Ungayisebenzisa kumodi ephathekayo ngaphandle kokufaka futhi uthole ukuthi okufunayo kuku-inthanethi ngempela yini.
Iskena se-IP esinolaka
Iphrojekthi yomthombo ovulekile ene-pings ebangeni, exazulula amagama, futhi iskena izimbobo. Isebenza kuWindows, macOS neLinux futhi ishesha kakhulu ukuze uthole uhlu lwempahla olusheshayo noma ukuhlola okuyisisekelo kokutholakala.
I-Avast (I-Wi-Fi Inspector)
Uma usuvele usebenzisa i-Avast, i-Wi-Fi Inspector yayo (ngisho nenguqulo yamahhala) ibonisa amadivayisi kunethiwekhi yakho, ikuvumela ukuthi uwamaka, futhi ubuke imininingwane eyisisekelo. Akulula njengesikena esizinikele, kodwa uma usifakile singakukhipha enkingeni..
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela ku-opharetha wakho
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-ISP (ezifana ne-Movistar's Smart WiFi noma i-Mi Orange) zikuvumela ukuthi ubuke futhi uphathe amadivayisi, udale amaphrofayili, umise okwesikhashana/uvimbe ukuxhumana, wenze izivivinyo, futhi ulungiselele i-Wi-Fi yakho. Ezinye zihlanganisa imodi yokudlala, ukutholwa kwamandla okusakaza kwe-4K, noma usizo lokusetha., futhi ubonise idatha efana nedethi yokuqala yokuxhumana, i-IP ne-MAC.
Buka amadivayisi axhunyiwe kumzila
Lena indlela yendawo yonke futhi ayidingi ukufakwa. Okokuqala, udinga isango, elivame ukuba ngu-192.168.1.1 (ngezinye izikhathi 192.168.0.1). Ku-Windows, vula i-Command Prompt bese ugijima "ipconfig" ukuze ubuke Isango Elizenzakalelayo.. Bese, uthayipha lelo kheli kusiphequluli sakho.
Ngena ngemvume ngegama lomsebenzisi nephasiwedi yomzila wakho. Uma ungazikhumbuli, hlola isitikha kumzila wakho: iza okuzenzakalelayo noma izifakazelo eziqondene nephaneliIya kokuthi Izilungiselelo bese ubheka isigaba se-DHCP noma Amakhasimende/Amadivayisi; lapho uzobona igama, ikheli le-IP, nekheli le-MAC ledivayisi ngayinye exhunyiwe.
Amamenyu ayahluka ngemodeli: ku-HGU (Movistar), uhlu luku-DHCP; ku-Livebox (Olintshi), ivela ngaphansi kwenethiwekhi Yami yendawo, lapho ihlukanisa khona ukuxhunywa kokunqanyuliwe. Kumarutha alinganayo avela kwabanye opharetha (i-Pepephone, i-Digi, i-MasMovil, i-Yoigo, i-O2, njll.) Indawo ingase yehluke, kodwa kuhlala kunesigaba samakhasimende.
Imikhuba emihle yokuvikela irutha yakho
Buyekeza i-firmware yakho ukuze uthole amapeshi nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza. Amarutha amaningi azibuyekeza ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa uma kungenjalo, sebenzisa isibuyekezo semanuwali ukusuka kudeshibhodi.Lokhu kunciphisa amaphutha futhi kuthuthukisa ukuphepha.
Sebenzisa amaphasiwedi aqinile e-Wi-Fi kanye nedeshibhodi yomzila. Hlanganisa osonhlamvukazi, osonhlamvukazi abancane, izinombolo nezimpawu bese ukhubaza i-WPSUma i-hardware yakho iyisekela, sebenzisa i-WPA3, noma okungenani imodi yenguquko ye-WPA2/WPA3 kumadivayisi amadala.
Umqondo ophusile uyabusa: yabelana ngamaphasiwedi nabantu abafanelekile kuphela, buyekeza uhlu lwamakhasimende akho njalo, futhi ususe amadivayisi ongasawasebenzisi. Uma irutha yakho indala kakhulu futhi ayisekeli i-WPA3 noma izibuyekezo, cabanga ukuyivuselela.
Rekhoda futhi uhlaziye umsebenzi werutha (amalogi)
Wonke ama-routers angena imicimbi, kodwa ngokuvamile eyesikhashana futhi kunzima ukuyifunda. I-MyRouter Log ikuvumela ukuthi uthole amalogi erutha nge-Syslog (UDP 514 ngokuzenzakalelayo) futhi uwagcine ku-PC yakho. ukubonisana nabo ngomoya ophansi futhi ugcine umlando.
Ngemva kokufaka ithuluzi ku-Windows 10 noma i-11, lilungiselele ukuthi lilalele embobeni ye-UDP efanele futhi uvumele ukufinyelela ngohlelo lwakho lokuvikela. Uzobona isimo kusixhumi esibonakalayo (Ukulalela/Ukungalaleli) kanye nokubala kwelogiUhlelo lokusebenza lungancishiswa kuthreyi, lubonise umlayezo wakamuva.
Kurutha yakho, vumela ukuthunyelwa kweseva ye-syslog ukude, okubonisa ikheli le-IP ye-PC yakho kanye nembobo. Kumarutha e-ASUS, ngokwesibonelo, ikulogi Yesistimu > Ilogi ElijwayelekileKusukela lapho, uhlelo lokusebenza luzoqala ukwamukela umcimbi ngamunye futhi luwugcine efayelini.
Akuwona wonke amarutha namamodemu avumela i-Syslog ekude. Uma eyakho ingenayo le nketho, ngeke ukwazi ukuthumela izingodo ku-MyRouter LogUkuze utolike izexwayiso noma amaphutha, thintana nezinkundla ezikhethekile noma ukwesekwa komkhiqizi.
Ukuhlunga kwe-MAC: Ukulawula okwengeziwe (okunemikhawulo)
Ukuhlunga kwe-MAC kukuvumela ukuthi unqume ukuthi imaphi amakheli e-MAC angaxhumeka ku-Wi-Fi yakho. Yenze isebenze esigabeni Sokuvikela/Ukulawula Ukufinyelela somzila futhi udale uhlu lwakho olumhlophe., ingeza i-MAC yedivayisi ngayinye egunyaziwe.
Izinzuzo zayo: ukulawula okwengeziwe, ukuminyana okuncane uma ukhawulela amadivayisi ngesikhathi esisodwa, nokubonakala okukhulu ukuxazulula izinkinga. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlunga kwe-MAC akubona ubuwula.: Amakheli e-MAC angahlanganiswa (i-MAC spoofed). Sebenzisa lokhu njengesendlalelo esengeziwe, hhayi njengesithiyo kuphela.
Ukugcina inethiwekhi yakho ye-Wi-Fi ukuze uyenze isebenze kangcono
Beka irutha endaweni emaphakathi, ephakeme, nengena umoya, kude nokuphazamiseka (i-TV, i-microwave, izipikha) futhi ngaphandle kwezithiyo ezifana nendawo enamathayela. Isikhundla seqembu sinomthelela omkhulu ekuhlanganiseni nasekuzinzeni. futhi kuzokusiza thuthukisa isignali ye-Wi-Fi ngezinguquko ezincane.
Gcina inethiwekhi yakho ivikelekile: Shintsha iphasiwedi yakho njalo, fihla ulwazi lomuntu siqu ku-SSID, futhi ulawule ukuthi mangaki amadivayisi owaxhumayo. Yenza i-WPA2 isebenze okungenani, i-WPA3 engcono uma ikhona ukunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwe-brute force kanye nokwenza ngcono ukubethela kohlangothi lweklayenti (SAE).
Misa iziteshi ezifanele, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziminyene. Skena ukuminyana ngezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-WiFi Analyzer bese ukhetha mathupha isiteshi esiminyana kancane.Lokhu kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzinza.
Uma kunezindawo ezifile, cabangela abaphindayo, ama-PLC, noma isistimu ye-WiFi Mesh njengoba kufanele. Ukukhetha idivayisi efanele yekhaya lakho kuzovimbela ukuwohloka kwesignali.Ungasebenzisa futhi irutha endala njengesiphindaphinda se-Wi-Fi ukuze unwebe ukufakwa kwakho ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imali eningi.
Ungakushalazeli ukuhlanzeka nezinga lokushisa: uthuli nokushisa okuqhubekayo kwehlisa ukusebenza kahle. Gwema ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nemithombo yokushisa, nama-vents ahlanzekile ukuvimbela ukushisa ngokweqile.
Okufanele ukwenze uma uthola izigebengu ku-Wi-Fi yakho
Ukufinyelela okungagunyaziwe akunciphisi inethiwekhi yakho kuphela, kungakufaka engozini uma ubugebengu benziwa ku-IP yakho. Thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha ukuze umxoshe futhi uqinise inethiwekhi yakho ukulandela lezi zinyathelo:
- Vimba idivayisi ohlwini yamakhasimende uma umzila wakho ukuvumela (ngokwesibonelo, AVM FRITZ!Box noma i-ASUS ethile).
- Shintsha iphasiwedi yakho ye-Wi-Fi kweyodwa enamandla (izinhlamvu ezingu-12+ ezinezinhlobo ezixubile); uzoxhuma kabusha amadivayisi akho kuphela.
- Yenza i-WPA3 isebenze noma, uma kungenzeki, imodi exubile ye-WPA2/WPA3.
- Shintsha iphasiwedi yephaneli yomzila ukuvimbela ukufinyelela kwezokuphatha.
- Qala kabusha irutha ukusebenzisa zonke izinguquko futhi uphinde uxhume idivayisi yakho esemthethweni ngayinye ngayinye.
Yenza i-PC yakho ibonakale (noma ingabonakali) kunethiwekhi ku Windows 11
Ukwabelana ngamafayela noma ukusebenzisa i-PC yakho njengeseva yemidiya ku-LAN, udinga ukuthi ibonakale. Uma uya okokuqala ku-Internet Explorer > Inethiwekhi, Windows 11 ingase ibonise ukuthi ukutholwa kwenethiwekhi kuvaliwe.. Yamukela umyalo bese uchofoza okuthi “Vula ukutholwa kwenethiwekhi nokwabelana kwefayela.”
Uma ukunethiwekhi emakwe njengesesidlangalaleni, isistimu izokunikeza izinketho ezimbili: ukuyiguqulela ibe yimfihlo (kunconyelwe amanethiwekhi asekhaya noma ehhovisi) noma ivumele ukutholwa kumanethiwekhi omphakathi (akunconyiwe). Kumanethiwekhi omphakathi, ungenzi okokusebenza kwakho kubonakale ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha..
Shintsha uhlobo lwenethiwekhi ku Windows 11
Vula Izilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi & I-inthanethi > inethiwekhi yakho (i-Wi-Fi noma i-Ethernet) bese usetha iphrofayili kokuthi Okuyimfihlo ukuze amanye amakhompyutha aku-LAN yakho abone i-PC yakho. Uma uyishiya Njengomphakathi, iWindows izoyifihla ngokuzenzakalelayo..
Isikhungo Senethiwekhi Nokwabelana
Kusuka ku-Control Panel > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > Inethiwekhi Nesikhungo Sokwabelana, buyekeza izilungiselelo zokwabelana ezithuthukisiwe. Lapho ungavumela ukutholwa kwenethiwekhi nokwabelana ngamafayela kuwo womabili amaphrofayela Ayimfihlo Nasesidlangalaleni., ngaphezu kokusetha ukusakazwa kwe-multimedia.
Vula noma vala ukutholwa kwenethiwekhi (Windows 11/10)
IWindows ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukutholwa ngephrofayili yenethiwekhi. Ku-Windows 11, iya kokuthi Qala > Izilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > Izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi ezithuthukile > Izilungiselelo zokwabelana ezithuthukile bese uvula noma uvale i-Network Discovery ngohlobo lwenethiwekhi.
Ku-Windows 10, iya kokuthi Qala > Izilungiselelo > Inethiwekhi ne-inthanethi > Inethiwekhi Nesikhungo Sokwabelana > Shintsha izilungiselelo ezithuthukisiwe zokwabelana. Lungiselela ukutholwa kwenethiwekhi kumaphrofayili atholakalayo njengoba udinga.
Hlola amadivayisi axhumeke ngqo kumzila (isinyathelo ngesinyathelo)
1) Thola isango (ipconfig ku-CMD). 2) Ngena ngemvume ngesiphequluli sakho kanye nemininingwane yakho. 3) Vula i-DHCP/Wireless Clients/My Local Network kuye ngemodeli. Uzobona igama, i-IP ne-MAC yedivayisi ngayinye; kwamanye amarutha uzobona isiginali eyamukelwe iklayenti ngalinye.
Kumamodeli o-opharetha, indlela ingase ihluke, kodwa umsebenzi ukhona. Ku-Livebox (Orange) unenethiwekhi Yami yendawo; ku-HGU (Movistar), DHCP noma Amadivayisi Axhunyiwe. Ku-Movistar's Smart WiFi 6 izinyathelo ziyalingana.
Ukuze uqinise ukuvikeleka: khubaza i-WPS, sebenzisa i-WPA3, shintsha izifakazelo zokuphatha, futhi ubuyekeze amakhasimende ngezikhathi ezithile. Uma okuthile kungalingani, nqamula ukufinyelela, shintsha amagama ayimfihlo bese uqala kabusha..
Ngalezi zinqubo, amathuluzi, nezilungiselelo, uzoba nokulawula okuphelele kokuthi ubani osebenzisa i-Wi-Fi yakho, xazulula izinkinga zokusebenza, futhi unciphise ubungozi. Inhlanganisela ye-inventory yedivayisi, amalogi erutha, nokucushwa okuvikelekile ikuqinisekisa inethiwekhi esheshayo, ezinzile, nevikeleke kakhulu ku-Windows 11 nanoma iyiphi irutha yesimanje.