Imiyalo engcono kakhulu yokuxilonga nokulungisa izinkinga ku-Windows 11

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Umugqa womyalo uhlala ungummese we-Swiss Army wokuxilonga nokulungisa izinkinga ku-Windows 11 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okungadingekile . Nakuba isikhombikubona sesithombe sithuthuke kakhulu, ezinye izinkinga zixazululwa ngokushesha, ngokulawula okwengeziwe, kanye nemiphumela engcono kusetshenziswa imiyalo. Uma i-PC yakho ihamba kancane, inethiwekhi iyahluleka, uthola izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma usola amafayela onakele, nansi isiqondiso esisebenzayo nesiphelele.

Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa futhi sihlele imiyalo eyisihluthulelo enconywe yiziqondiso zobuchwepheshe ezihamba phambili kanye nokusekelwa okusemthethweni , sichaza ukuthi kufanele uyisebenzise nini ngayinye, izinyathelo eziphephile, imiyalezo ongase uhlangane nayo, izinketho ezithuthukisiwe (njengokulungisa isithombe se-Windows ngaphandle kokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi), kanye nezinqamuleli eziwusizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungazisebenzisa kalula eziningi zazo kusuka kufayela le-.bat ku-Windows 10 noma 11 , elilungele ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukulungiswa okuvamile.

Ungawusebenzisa nini umugqa womyalo ukulungisa izinkinga ku Windows 11?

Sebenzisa i-CMD noma i-PowerShell njengomlawuli uma udinga ukuxilongwa kwesistimu okujulile, ukuzenzekela, noma ukulungiswa . Imiyalo ingafinyelela imisebenzi engatholakali ngaso sonke isikhathi nge-interface, futhi impendulo yayo icacile, okukuvumela ukuthi uqonde kahle ukuthi kwenzekani.

Umthetho ojwayelekile : Uma usola ukuthi ifayela lesistimu noma izithombe zeWindows zinenkinga, qala nge-SFC kanye ne-DISM; uma usola ukuthi uhlelo lwediski noma ifayela luhlulekile, sebenzisa i-CHKDSK; futhi uma inkinga ikunethiwekhi, sebenzisa i-ipconfig, i-netsh, i-ping, kanye ne-tracert.

Amathuluzi amathathu abalulekile okuxazulula inkinga Windows 3: CHKDSK, SFC, kanye ne-DISM

I-CHKDSK: Ihlola futhi ilungise idiski

I-CHKDSK (Check Disk) ihlaziya futhi ilungisa amaphutha ohlelweni lwefayela kanye nemikhakha emibi . Ilungele uma uhlangabezana nokuhamba kancane, ukuphahlazeka, izinkinga zokuvula amafayela, noma usola umonakalo ongokomzimba/onengqondo kudrayivu.

• Ukuhlaziya okulula: chkdsk C: (shintsha C: kudrayivu ofuna ukuyihlola). Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngokusetshenziswa kwayo, Ungabheka lo mhlahlandlela wokuphatha inethiwekhi okuthuthukile ngemiyalo.
• Lungisa amaphutha: chkdsk C: /f (ilungisa amaphutha anengqondo atholiwe).
• Ukuskena okuphelele: chkdsk C: /r (icinga imikhakha emibi kanye nemizamo yokuthola idatha).

Uma uskena idrayivu yesistimu, ingase icele ukuqalisa phansi ukuze kuqedelwe ukulungisa.. Ungaphazamisi inqubo. Ku-NTFS kukhona amapharamitha awusizo anjengokuthi /scan, /spotfix o /perf okuvumela ukuhlaziya ku-inthanethi noma kwe-ad hoc.

I-SFC: Hlola futhi ubuyisele amafayela esistimu

I-System File Checker (SFC) iqinisekisa ubuqotho bamafayela e-Windows avikelwe futhi iwalungise ngokuzenzakalelayo . Yisebenzise uma ubona ama-DLL angekho, amaphutha esistimu, imisebenzi engaphenduli, noma izikrini eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eziphindaphindayo.

1. Vula i-CMD njengomlawuli futhi wenze: sfc /scannow.
2. Linda umphumelaImilayezo ejwayelekile: Ilungiswe ngempumelelo; akukho ukwephulwa okutholakele; noma amanye amafayela awakwazanga ukulungiswa.

Amapharamitha awusizo: /verifyonly (bheka nje), /scanfile y /verifyfile (emizileni ethile), nezinketho /offbootdir, /offwindir y /offlogfile ngezimo ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi.

Uma i-SFC ingakwazi ukulungisa, iqhubekela ku-DISM . Inkinga ivame ukuba sesithombeni se-Windows esisetshenziswa yi-SFC ukubuyisela amafayela.

I-DISM: Ilungisa isithombe se-Windows

I-DISM (Ukusebenza Nokuphathwa Kwesithombe Sokusetshenziswa) ilungisa isithombe se-Windows esisetshenziswa uhlelo ukuzilungisa . "Ipulani B" lapho i-SFC yehluleka noma iqhubeka nokubona ukonakala.

• Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth (qinisekisa uma kukhona umonakalo).
• Ukuhlaziya okujulile: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth (ubhala izinkinga ngokuningiliziwe).
• Ukulungisa: DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth (ilanda izingxenye ezinempilo, ngokuvamile kusuka ku-Windows Update).

I-oda elinconyiwe: okokuqala /CheckHealth, khona-ke /ScanHealth futhi ekugcineni, /RestoreHealth, ilinde ukuthi isinyathelo ngasinye siqedwe. Ngemuva kokubuyisela nge-DISM, sebenzisa i-SFC futhi ukushiya uhlelo lusesimweni esiphelele.

Ayikho i-inthanethi noma i-Windows Update ehlulekayo? Sebenzisa i-ISO/USB njengomthombo: thola uhlelo nge Lo mhlahlandlela wokulungisa ihadiwe nezingxenye zesistimu futhi ulungise ngento efana nayo DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:G:\sources\install.wim:Index /LimitAccess esikhundleni sendlela nenkomba ngetifanele.

Imiyalo yenethiwekhi engenaphutha

Uma uxhumano lwakho lwe-inthanethi luhlala lungasebenzi, i-DNS ingaxazululeki, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zingaxhumani, qala ngokusula nokuvuselela izilungiselelo zakho zenethiwekhi . Lena imiyalo esheshayo nephumelelayo kakhulu. Yokuphathwa kwenethiwekhi okuthuthukisiwe...

• ipconfig: Ulwazi lwenethiwekhi nokuphathwa kwe-DHCP ne-DNS.
  • Vuselela i-IP: ipconfig /release futhi ngemuva ipconfig /renew.
  • Sula inqolobane ye-DNS: ipconfig /flushdns.
• I-neth winsock kabusha: netsh winsock reset usetha kabusha ikhathalogi ye-Winsock futhi Ngokuvamile ilungisa ukucisha okuqhubekayo namaphutha okuxhumana.. Imininingwane eyengeziwe ku-.
• ping: Hlola ukuxhumana nokubambezeleka (isibonelo, ping google.com).
• ithrekhi: Ilandelela ama-hops enethiwekhi endaweni okuyiwa kuyo (tracert google.com), iwusizo ekutholeni lapho usike khona.
• netstat: ikhombisa ukuxhumana okusebenzayo nezimbobo (netstat), ilungele isokhethi kanye nokuxilongwa kwethrafikhi.
• Getmac: bhala amakheli e-MAC (getmac), luwusizo ekufakweni kwempahla nasekulawuleni ukufinyelela.

I-inventory yesistimu nokulawulwa kwenqubo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ubhekene nani, kuyasiza ukufaka uhlu lwehadiwe, abashayeli, kanye nezinqubo . Lokhu kuzokusiza ukuthi ubone izithiyo, isofthiwe enenkinga, noma abashayeli abaphelelwe yisikhathi. Ezimweni ezithuthukile, ungabheka namathuluzi afana ne-msinfo32.

• uhleloinfo: okokusebenza kanye nokucaciswa kwesistimu (systeminfo).
• Nhlobo: Inguqulo ye-Windows kanye nokwakha (ver), iwusizo ekuqinisekiseni ukuhambisana.
• indawo yokushayela: uhlu lwamashayeli afakiwe (driverquery), ilungele ukuhlola abashayeli.
• wmic: Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuphatha sakudala. Isibonelo: wmic cpu get name ukukhomba i-CPU.
• uhlu lomsebenzi: izinqubo ezisebenzayo (tasklist), "ukubuka kombhalo" Kwesiphathi Somsebenzi.
• umsebenzi: ivala izinqubo eziyinkinga (taskkill /IM notepad.exe /F).

Qalisa, amandla, nokumisa

Uma inkinga ihlobene nokuqala, amandla, noma ukucushwa kwesistimu, le miyalo ikunikeza ukulawula okudingekayo . Yisebenzise ngokuhlakanipha, ikakhulukazi imiyalo yokuqalisa.

• bcdedit: Buka bese uhlela izinketho zokuqalisa (bcdedit), igcinelwe izinguquko eziqondile.
• vala shaqa: ukuqala kabusha ngokushesha kwekhompyutha (shutdown /r), iwusizo ngemva kwezinguquko zokumisa.
• amandlacfg: iphatha amandla; isibonelo, khubaza ukulala ubuthongo (powercfg /h off) ukuze ulondoloze isikhala sediski.
• gupdate: vuselela izinqubomgomo zeqembu (gpupdate /force), ukhiye ngemva kwezinguquko zenqubomgomo.
• msconfig: Vula Ukucushwa Kwesistimu (run msconfig kusuka ekusesheni), ilungele ukuqala okukhethiwe.

Amadiski, amafayela kanye nezinhlangano

Ukuphatha ukwahlukanisa, ukulungisa izinhlelo zamafayela, kanye nokuhlola ukuhlangana kohlobo lwamafayela nakho kuyingxenye yenqubo yokuxilonga . Lokhu kuhilela ukusebenzisa izinsiza okufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuqapha.

• diskpart: Dala, susa, futhi fometha iziqephu. Inamandla futhi ingasula idatha uma wenza iphutha; sebenzisa kuphela uma wazi kahle ukuthi wenzani.
• asoc: buza futhi uguqule ukuhlotshaniswa phakathi kwezandiso nezinhlelo (assoc), iwusizo uma uhlobo lwefayela luvuleka ngohlelo lokusebenza olungalungile.
• Usizo: uhlu lwemiyalo etholakalayo kanye ne-syntax (help), ilungele khumbula amapharamitha okwamanje.

Amasevisi nesimo sohlelo

Amanye amaphutha abangelwa amasevisi amisiwe noma avinjiwe . Ngaphambi kokufaka noma yini kabusha, hlola ukuthi isevisi ehilelekile isebenza kahle yini:

• sc umbuzo: buza ngesimo sesevisi (sc query wuauserv ye-Windows Update).
• ukuqala kwenetha y inetha limise: iqala noma imise amasevisi (net start wuauserv / net stop wuauserv), wusizo ngemva kwamaphutha okubuyekeza.

Abasebenzisi nokushintshwa ngesandla kwamafayela esistimu

Ngaphezu kokushintsha amaphasiwedi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu ungalishintsha ngesandla ifayela lesistimu elonakele . Yenza isipele kuqala bese uqinisekisa ukuthi usebenzisa ikhophi ethembekile nenempilo.

• umsebenzisi wenetha: shintsha amaphasiwedi endawo (net user NombreUsuario nueva_contraseña), isibonelo: net user Vincent nueva_contraseña.

Uma i-SFC/DISM yehluleka ukulungisa ifayela elithile, ungalishintsha ngesandla ngokuthatha ubunikazi, ukunikeza izimvume, nokukopisha ifayela elihlanzekile : bheka amacala athuthukile.

1. Thatha ifa: takeown /f C:\Windows\System32\jscript.dll (shintsha indlela yefayela elimele).
2. Nikeza ukulawula okugcwele kubaphathi: icacls C:\Windows\System32\jscript.dll /grant administrators:F (kuzinhlelo zeSpanishi kungenzeka administradores:F).
3. Kopisha ifayela elinempilo: copy E:\temp\jscript.dll C:\Windows\System32\jscript.dll (setha imvelaphi/indawo oya kuyo).

Ngemva kokushintsha ingxenye, qala kabusha uhlelo lwakho bese uhlola ukuthi inkinga isixazululiwe yini . Ungabheka futhi [isixhumanisi semibhalo efanele].

.bat iskripthi sokulungiswa okusheshayo

Uma ukhetha ukwenza ukulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo, dala i-.bat ngemiyalo emikhulu. Vula i-Notepad, namathisela imigqa njenge DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth y sfc /scannow, ngisho nohlelo chkdsk ngesikhathi esilandelayo uma uqalisa kabusha.

Londoloza ifayela ngesandiso se-.bat, ulisebenzise njengomlawuli ku-Windows 10 noma 11, bese uvumela inqubo ukuthi isebenze yodwa . Kuyindlela elula yokwenza "ikhithi yosizo lokuqala" ibe yinto ejwayelekile.

Izixazululi zinkinga nokuthi ufaka nini kabusha

I-Windows 11 ifaka phakathi izixazululi zezinkinga ezakhelwe ngaphakathi ezithola futhi zilungise ngokuzenzakalelayo izinkinga ezivamile . Iya kuzilungiselelo > Uhlelo > Ukuxazulula izinkinga bese uzama izixazululi ze-Windows Update, Network, Bluetooth, Video Playback, nokuningi.

Uma izinkinga ziqhubeka naphezu kwe-CHKDSK/SFC/DISM kanye nabaxazululi bezinkinga , cabanga ngokufaka kabusha i-Windows uma: ukwehluleka kuvela ngokuphindaphindiwe; kukhona i-malware enkulu; ukusebenza kubi kakhulu ngokuphahlazeka okuvamile; ngemva kokubuyekezwa okubucayi konke kungazinzi; noma ushintshe ihadiwe eyisihluthulelo njengebhodi lomama noma i-hard drive.

Amathiphu okukhiqiza nosizo olwakhelwe ngaphakathi

Ukuze wazi i-syntax yanoma yimuphi umyalo ku-fly, engeza /? ekugcineni (ngokwesibonelo, sfc /?). Uzobona amapharamitha, izincazelo, nezibonelo ngaphandle kokuthi useshe kwenye indawo.

Khumbula ukusebenzisa i-CMD noma i-PowerShell njengomlawuli lapho umyalo udinga khona (i-SFC, i-DISM, i-CHKDSK ene-repair, i-netsh, izinsizakalo, njll.). Lokhu kuzovimbela amaphutha emvume futhi kukusindise isikhathi.

Eminye imiyalo ewusizo ongase ube nayo

• ipconfig: usubonile, kodwa ungakhohlwa /all ukuze buka zonke izilungiselelo zenethiwekhi.
• asoc- Hlola ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oluvula isandiso ngasinye bese usilungisa uma kunesidingo.
• Usizo: uhlu lwemiyalo etholakalayo; hlanganisa nayo comando /? ukuze uthole usizo oluphelele.

Le sethi yemiyalo izohlanganisa ukuxilongwa, ukulungiswa, kanye nokugcinwa ku-Windows 11. Qala ngezinto eziyisisekelo (CHKDSK, SFC, DISM), sebenzisa i-ipconfig/netsh ekuphathweni kwenethiwekhi, uhlu lomsebenzi/i-taskkill kanye ne-systeminfo/driverquery ukuhlaziya uhlelo, bese uqeda ngamasevisi, izinto zokuqalisa, futhi, uma kudingeka, ukufaka esikhundleni amafayela ngesandla noma izixazululi zezinkinga ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu isidingo sokufaka kabusha futhi kushiya ikhompyutha yakho isebenza kahle. Yabelana ngalo mhlahlandlela ukuze abasebenzisi abaningi bafunde ukulungisa izinkinga ku-Windows 11.