Indlela yokufaka ama-APK ku-Android ngokuphepha nangesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

Izindaba Zegajethi » Okuvamile » Izifundo » Indlela Yokufaka Ama-APK ku-Android Ngokuphepha Nangesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo

Uma usunesikhathi usebenzisa i-Android, cishe usuvele wazi ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza : kusukela ku-Google Play yakudala kuya kwezinye izitolo noma amafayela athunyelwe nge-Telegram. Sizokhuluma ngalokhu okulandelayo: ama-APK adumile. Ukuqonda ukuthi ayini, ukuthi uwafaka kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izingozi azibekayo kubalulekile ekugwemeni amaphutha nokugcina ifoni yakho igcwele udoti noma, okubi nakakhulu, i-malware.

I-Android ivumela okuthile okulinganiselwe kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo: ukulayisha eceleni , noma ukufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela ngaphandle kwesitolo esisemthethweni . Lokhu kwenza uhlelo luguquguquke kakhulu, kodwa futhi kuvula ithuba lezinkinga uma ungaqaphile. Kulo mhlahlandlela, uzobona, isinyathelo ngesinyathelo nangemininingwane, ukuthi ungawafaka kanjani ama-APK ku-Android (kanye naku-Android TV), ukuthi ungawavumela kanjani futhi uwakhubaze kanjani izimvume ezidingekayo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyikhumbule ukuze ukwenze ngokuphephile.

Iyini ngempela ifayela le-APK ku-Android?

Ifayela le-APK, ngokumane nje, "liyiphakheji yokufaka" yohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Android . Lifana namafayela e-Windows .exe noma amaphakheji e-macOS .pkg: ifayela elilodwa elihlanganisa konke okudingekayo ukufaka uhlelo lokusebenza kudivayisi yakho, kusukela kukhodi kuya kumithombo yezithombe kanye nokucushwa.

Isifinyezo se-APK simele i-Android Application Package (noma i-Android Package Kit) . Yifomethi ejwayelekile esetshenziswa yi-Android ukupakisha izinhlelo zokusebenza. Uma ufaka uhlelo lokusebenza oluvela ku-Google Play, uhlelo empeleni luyalanda futhi lufake i-APK ngaphakathi (noma, ezinguqulweni zakamuva, uhlobo olusekelwe ku-AAB olukhiqiza ama-APK athile kudivayisi yakho).

Ifayela le-APK liqukethe zonke izingxenye ezakha uhlelo lokusebenza : ikhodi ehlanganisiwe, izinsiza (izithombe, imisindo, umbhalo), i-manifest enezimvume, njalo njalo. Ngenxa yalokhu kupakisha, ukufaka uhlelo lokusebenza ku-Android kungaba lula njengokuthepha ifayela nokulandela i-wizard yokufaka.

Kuyifomethi eyisisekelo hhayi nje kuphela kubasebenzisi abathuthukile, kodwa futhi nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuhlolweni kohlelo lokusebenza . Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, abathuthukisi bahlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza lube yi-APK bese belusabalalisa kubahloli kanye namaqembu angaphakathi ukuze bakwazi ukulifaka ngaphandle kokudlula ku-Google Play.

I-Google ibilokhu ikhuthaza ifomethi ye-AAB (Android App Bundle) njengokufaka esikhundleni sama-APK ku-Play Store. Noma kunjalo, ukufakwa ngesandla kumadivayisi e-Android kusathembele kumafayela e-APK , njengoba lena ifomethi uhlelo oluyiqonda ngqo uma ufaka okuthile okuvela ngaphandle kwesitolo esisemthethweni.

Ungawatholaphi ama-APK futhi kunini lapho kunengqondo ukuwasebenzisa khona

Amafayela e-APK angatholakala ngezindlela eziningi, futhi lokho kuyingxenye yenkinga. Kunezindawo zokugcina ezaziwayo njenge -APK Mirror, UpToDown, kanye ne-GitHub , ezivame ukuba yimithombo enconywa kakhulu uma udinga i-APK esemthethweni. Ungalanda futhi ama-APK kumawebhusayithi asemthethweni ezinsizakalo ezithile (isibonelo, ezinye izitolo zezinhlelo zokusebenza, ama-VPN, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingatholakali ngokugcwele ku-Google Play).

Ngaphezu kokulanda okuqondile, ungabelana nge-APK yohlelo lokusebenza osuvele ulufakile . Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana namafayela e-Google zikuvumela ukuthi ukhiphe futhi uthumele ukufakwa kohlelo lokusebenza komunye umuntu, ngakho-ke zidinga kuphela ukufaka ifayela elitholiwe. Lokhu kungaba wusizo kakhulu lapho uhlelo lokusebenza lunyamalala ku-Google Play noma lapho othile edinga inguqulo ethile engasatholakali esitolo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-APK kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhlola nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza . Uma uhlelo lokusebenza lungakakulungeli ukushicilelwa ku-Google Play, onjiniyela bavame ukwabelana nge-APK nabahloli bangaphakathi, amaklayenti, noma ozakwabo ukuze bakwazi ukuyifaka futhi baqinisekise ukuthi konke kusebenza ngendlela efanele.

Kukhona futhi izimo lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile ezisemthethweni, njengezitolo zezinkampani zangaphandle noma izinsizakalo zokuqukethwe, zinganikeli inguqulo ephelele ku-Google Play . Ngezinye izikhathi zikhawulelwe noma zikhawulelwe, futhi inkampani ngokwayo inikeza i-APK "egcwele" kuwebhusayithi yayo. Kulezi zimo, ukufaka ifayela kusuka kusayithi elisemthethweni kusemthethweni ngokuphelele futhi ngokuvamile kuphephile.

Noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kwama-repository ambalwa namawebhusayithi athembekile, noma yisiphi isixhumanisi se-APK kufanele sihlolwe ngokucophelela . Amaforamu, amanethiwekhi e-P2P, noma amawebhusayithi angaziwa anganikeza abafaki abaguquliwe ababonakala sengathi umdlalo odumile noma uhlelo lokusebenza olukhokhelwayo, kodwa oluqukethe ikhodi enonya.

Izingozi zangempela zokufaka ama-APK nemithombo engaziwa

Ukufaka i-APK ku-Android kunamandla njengokufaka i-.exe ku-Windows: unikeza lelo fayela imvume yokwenza izinguquko ezinkulu kudivayisi yakho . Yingakho i-Android ivimba ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela emithonjeni engaziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo (noma yini engadluli ku-Google Play noma esitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esithembekile).

Iningi lokutheleleka nge-malware, ukukhwabanisa, kanye nokukhwabanisa ku-Android kufika ngama -APK alandiwe kumasayithi angathembekile . Umhlaseli angathatha uhlelo lokusebenza olusemthethweni, ashintshe ikhodi yalo ukuze angeze igciwane noma iTrojan, bese elupakisha kabusha ngaphandle kophawu lwangaphandle lokuphazamisa: igama elifanayo, isithonjana esifanayo, cishe usayizi wefayela ofanayo.

Ingozi yangempela iseqinisweni lokuthi, uma ufaka le APK eshintshiwe, iphaneli yezimvume ngeke ikuxwayise nganoma iyiphi i-malware eyengeziwe . I-Android ingabonisa kuphela izimvume ezamenyezelwa ekuqaleni uhlelo lokusebenza (ukufinyelela kukhamera, oxhumana nabo, isitoreji, njll.), kodwa ayiboni ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi ikhodi enonya ifakwe yini kuphakheji uqobo.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ochwepheshe bezokuphepha kanye nezinkampani eziningi zokuthuthukisa batusa ukugwema ukulanda ama-APK kumawebhusayithi angajwayelekile . Lokhu kuyalulekwa kuphela ezimweni ezithile (ukuhlolwa, izinguqulo ezingekho emthethweni ngaphandle kwesitolo sohlelo lokusebenza, izindawo zokugcina ezidumile), futhi kuphela uma uqinisekile ngemvelaphi eqondile yefayela.

Umkhuba omuhle ukuskena ifayela ngezinsizakalo ezifana ne -VirusTotal ngaphambi kokulihambisa efonini yakho . Ngokulayisha i-APK kule nkundla, izinjini eziningana ze-antivirus ziyayihlaziya efwini futhi zingathola noma yimuphi umsebenzi osolisayo. Uma uhlelo luphawula ifayela njengelisolisayo, kungcono ukungalifaki.

Ungavumela kanjani ukufakwa kwe-APK ku-Android

Ukuze ufake i-APK ngesandla, kufanele uqale unike amandla ukufakwa okuvela emithonjeni engaziwa . Indlela yokwenza lokhu ishintshile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: ezinguqulweni ezindala ze-Android kwakuyilungiselelo lomhlaba wonke, kanti ezinguqulweni zanamuhla iphathwa ngohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye (isiphequluli, umphathi wefayela, iTelegram, njll.).

Ku-Android 7 noma ngaphambili

Kumadivayisi asebenzisa i-Android 7 noma ngaphambili, uhlelo luhlanganisa imvume ibe yisethingi eyodwa evamile. Inqubo evamile ifana kakhulu kuwo wonke amabhrendi, yize amagama aqondile amanye amamenyu angahluka.

• Vula uhlelo lokusebenza lwezilungiselelo efonini yakho ye-Android.
• Faka isigaba "Ukuphepha" (ngezinye izikhathi kubonakala sengathi "Ukuphepha Nobumfihlo").
• Ngaphakathi kwesigaba sokuphathwa kwedivayisi, funa inketho "Imithombo engaziwa".
• Yisebenzise. Uhlelo luzobonisa isixwayiso esibonisa ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo kwandisa izingozi zokuphepha.
• Thepha okuthi yamukela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uvumela ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaveli ku-Google Play.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzisa ifayela le-APK luzokwazi ukulifaka , ngoba imvume iyasebenza kuhlelo lonke. Lokhu kulula kakhulu, kodwa futhi kwandisa indawo yokuhlasela uma ulanda ngokunganaki.

Ku-Android 8 noma ngaphezulu (imvume ngohlelo lokusebenza ngalunye)

Kusukela nge-Android 8, i-Google ishintshe indlela yayo yokuthuthukisa ukuphepha. Akusekho ukushintshana okukodwa komhlaba wonke; esikhundleni salokho, uhlelo lokusebenza ngalunye olufuna ukufaka ama-APK kumele lube nemvume yalo . Isibonelo, ungavumela i-Chrome ukuthi ifake ama-APK, kodwa hhayi i-Telegram, noma umphathi wakho wamafayela kuphela.

Kumafoni e-Samsung ane-Android 8 noma ngaphezulu, inqubo ivame ukuba kanje:

• Ngena ngaphakathi Amasethingi> Izicelo.
• Thepha imenyu enamachashazi amathathu (isithonjana sezinketho ezengeziwe) ekhoneni eliphezulu.
• Ukufinyelela ku- "Ukufinyelela okukhethekile" > "Faka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaziwa".
• Khetha uhlelo lokusebenza ozolisebenzisa ukulanda noma ukuvula i-APK (isibonelo, i-Chrome noma umphathi wakho wamafayela).
• Yenza inketho isebenze "Vumela kulo mthombo" noma okufanayo.

Kumadivayisi angewona awe-Samsung, inqubo ivame ukufana kakhulu, yize amanye amagama angashintsha:

• Vula Izilungiselelo.
• Iya ku «Izicelo nezaziso» (noma "Izinhlelo zokusebenza").
• Thepha "Kuthuthukile" uma kudingeka ukuze ubone ezinye izinketho.
• Ngena ngaphakathi "Ukufinyelela Kuhlelo Lokusebenza Okukhethekile".
• Sesha futhi uvule "Faka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaziwa".
• Khetha isiphequluli, umphathi wamafayela, noma uhlelo lokusebenza lokuthumela imiyalezo lapho uzovula khona i-APK bese usebenzisa ibhokisi lokuhlola ukuze ulande noma ufake kulowo mthombo.

Enye indlela yokufinyelela kusethingi efanayo kumafoni amaningi akamuva ukucindezela nokubamba isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza (isibonelo, isithonjana se-Chrome) esikrinini sasekhaya noma edroweni lohlelo lokusebenza. Ukusibamba imizuzwana embalwa kuzoveza iwindi elivelayo elinezinketho nolwazi; lokhu kuvame ukufaka izinqamuleli zezimvume ezikhethekile, njengenketho yokufaka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezivela emithonjeni engaziwa.

Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo: Indlela yokufaka ifayela le-APK kuselula yakho ye-Android

Uma usuyivulile imvume "yemithombo engaziwa" lapho kufanele khona, ukufaka i-APK ku-Android kulula kakhulu. Kuye ngenguqulo yakho ye-Android, uhlelo lungase lubonise isaziso semvume okokuqala lapho uzama ukufaka i- , lukuqondise kuzilungiselelo ezifanele.

Landa ifayela le-APK kudivayisi yakho

Ukuze ufake uhlelo lokusebenza usebenzisa i-APK, okokuqala udinga ukuthi ifayela ligcinwe kufoni yakho ephathekayo noma kuthebhulethi . Lokhu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili eziyisisekelo:

• Landa i-APK ngqo kusuka kusiphequluli sedivayisi (ngokuvamile i-Chrome noma esinye isiphequluli).
• Kopisha ifayela kusuka kukhompyutha uye kufoni ephathekayo usebenzisa ikhebula le-USB kanye nomphathi wefayela.

Uma uyilanda ngesiphequluli sakho, uhlelo lokusebenza ngokwalo luzobonisa isixwayiso sokuphepha esibonisa ukuthi amafayela e-APK angalimaza idivayisi yakho. Lokhu kuvela kunoma iyiphi i-APK, noma ngabe isemthethweni ngokuphelele. Kufanele wamukele ukulanda kuphela uma uqinisekile ngomsuka wayo.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, uma ukhetha ukukopisha ifayela kusuka ku-PC yakho, kuzodingeka uxhume ifoni yakho nge-USB , unike amandla ukudluliselwa kwamafayela, bese uhudula i-APK kufolda efinyelelekayo (isibonelo, "Ukulanda"). Ungabe usuyithola kamuva usebenzisa umphathi wamafayela kudivayisi yakho.

Ukufakwa kusetshenziswa umphathi wefayela noma kusuka kwisaziso

Uma ukulanda sekuqediwe, i-Android ivame ukubonisa isaziso esinegama lefayela le-APK . Ukuchofoza kuleso saziso kuyindlela esheshayo yokuqalisa isifaki. Uma ungasiboni isaziso noma usuthuthile ifayela, ungasebenzisa umphathi wefayela (i-ES File Explorer, i-ASTRO, umhloli wamafayela wesistimu, njll.) ukuze uye kufolda lapho ugcine khona i-APK.

Uma uthepha ifayela, uhlelo luvula isikrini sokufaka: uzobona igama lohlelo lokusebenza, isithonjana salo, kanye nohlu lwezimvume oluzokwazi ukufinyelela kuzo uma selufakiwe (isitoreji, ikhamera, oxhumana nabo, njll.). Uma usebenzisa inguqulo endala ye-Android futhi ungakayiniki imithombo engaziwa amandla, uhlelo luzokutshela ukuthi awukwazi ukuyifaka futhi luzokucela ukuthi uye kuzilungiselelo zakho zokuphepha ukuze uyivule.

Uma usuvele unikeze imvume kulowo mthombo (isibonelo, i-Chrome noma umphathi wakho wamafayela), mane uthephe okuthi "Faka" bese ulinda imizuzwana embalwa. I-Android izokopisha idatha ohlelweni bese ifaka isithonjana sohlelo lokusebenza kudrowa lohlelo lokusebenza, futhi ezimweni eziningi, esikrinini sasekhaya.

Ekupheleni kokufakwa, i-wizard ivame ukubonisa izinketho ezimbili: "Vula" uhlelo lokusebenza ngqo noma "Ukulungele ukuphuma." Zombili ziyafana; umehluko umane nje ukuthi ufuna ukuqalisa uhlelo lokusebenza ngokushesha noma ulinde kuze kube kamuva.

Indlela yokususa izimvume zokufaka i-APK

Uma usuqedile ukufaka uhlelo lokusebenza oludingayo kusuka kufayela le-APK, kungcono ukukhubaza izimvume zokufaka ezivela emithonjeni engaziwa . Ngale ndlela, uma ulanda noma uvula ifayela elinonya ngephutha esikhathini esizayo, uzoba nesendlalelo esengeziwe sokuvikela.

Ku-Android 7 nangaphambilini, vele ubuyele kuzilungiselelo > Ukuphepha bese ukhubaza inketho ethi "Imithombo Engaziwa". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, uhlelo luzovimba noma yimuphi umzamo wokufaka ama-APK kusuka emithonjeni engeyona isitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esisemthethweni.

Ku-Android 8 nakamuva, udinga ukubuyela esigabeni esithi "Ukufinyelela Okukhethekile" > "Faka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaziwa" bese ukhubaza imvume yezinhlelo zokusebenza okungafanele zisafaka ama-APK (isiphequluli, umphathi wamafayela, njll.). Lokhu kukunikeza ukulawula okuhle kakhulu kokuthi yiziphi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezigunyaziwe ukufaka amaphakheji amasha.

Ezinye izinsizakalo zincoma ngokuqondile ukuthi, ngokushesha nje lapho uqeda ukufaka i-APK yazo esemthethweni , ukhubaze ngokushesha imvume yohlelo lokusebenza oluyilandile kulo. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba okuthi othile angasebenzisa leso simo esifanayo sobungozi ukuze afake i-malware kudivayisi yakho ngokunyenya esikhathini esizayo.

Ukufaka ama-APK ku-Android TV: izinketho namathiphu awusizo

I-Android TV (kanye ne-Google TV) zabelana ngezimiso eziningi eziyisisekelo ne-Android yamadivayisi eselula, ngakho-ke zikuvumela ukuthi ufake izinhlelo zokusebenza usebenzisa amafayela e-APK . Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ngoba izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi aziveli esitolo sezinhlelo zokusebenza se-TV, kungaba ngoba azilungiselelwe i-remote, ngoba zisese-beta, noma ngoba unjiniyela akazikhiphi ngokusemthethweni ukuze zisetshenziswe kuthelevishini.

Ukufaka ama-APK ku-Android TV kwandisa kakhulu amathuba edivayisi: ungazama abadlali abahlukile , iziqalisi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, amathuluzi esistimu, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza, nakuba zingezona eze-TV, ezisebenza kahle nge-remote, ikhibhodi, noma igundane elixhunyiwe.

Indlela elula kakhulu: thumela i-APK kusuka kufoni yakho ephathekayo

Indlela ewusizo kakhulu kubasebenzisi abaningi ukusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza olufana ne -Send Files to TV . Leli thuluzi likuvumela ukuthi uthumele amafayela (kufaka phakathi ama-APK) kusuka kufoni yakho ye-Android kuya ku-Android TV yakho noma kusidlali semidiya ngenethiwekhi efanayo ye-Wi-Fi.

Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela udinga ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile ezincane:

• Un Idivayisi yeselula ye-Android kanye nethelevishini noma idivayisi ene-Android TV noma i-Google TV.
• Womabili amadivayisi axhunywe ku- inethiwekhi efanayo ye-WiFi.
• Uhlelo lokusebenza lwe-Send Files to TV lufakiwe kokubili kuselula naku-TV.
• Umphathi wefayela ku-Android TV (isibonelo, i-File Commander noma okufanayo).

Umsebenzi oyisisekelo uzoba kanje:

• Landa i-APK ofuna ukuyifaka ku-Android TV yakho uye kudivayisi yakho yeselula kusuka kumthombo othembekile.
• Vula Thumela Amafayela ku-TV kuselula yakho naku-TV yakho.
• Kudivayisi yakho yeselula, khetha inketho «Thumela» (thumela) bese ukhetha ifayela le-APK.
• Khetha i-Android TV yakho njengedivayisi yokwamukela bese ulinda ukudlulisa kuphele.
• Ku-TV, vula umphathi wefayela bese uya kufolda lapho i-APK igcinwe khona (ngokuvamile "Okulandiwe").
• Thepha ifayela bese wamukela ukufakwa lapho i-Android TV ibonisa i-wizard.

Ngesikhathi sokuqala wenza lokhu, uhlelo luzokucela ukuthi ugunyaze ukufakwa okuvela emithonjeni engaziwa kwemenenja yamafayela oyisebenzisayo. Njengasedivayisini yakho yeselula, uzodinga ukunikeza imvume kanye kuphela; ngemva kwalokho, ungafaka amanye ama-APK kusuka kulolo hlelo lokusebenza ngaphandle kweminye imiyalelo.

Ezinye izindlela zokufaka ama-APK ku-Android TV

Ngaphandle kokuthumela nge-WiFi, kunezinye izindlela zokufaka ama-APK ku-Android TV, yize zivame ukungabi lula kakhulu:

• Sebenzisa i-USB flash drive noma idiskiUkopisha i-APK kusuka kukhompyutha yakho uye kudrayivu ye-USB, uyixhume ku-TV yakho, bese usebenzisa umphathi wefayela ukufaka uhlelo lokusebenza kusukela lapho. Kulula, kodwa kuhamba kancane futhi kuyakhathaza kunokusebenzisa i-inthanethi.
• Landa i-APK ngqo kusuka kusiphequluli se-TVUma unesiphequluli esifakiwe ku-Android TV yakho, ungaya kuwebhusayithi okukhulunywa ngayo bese ulanda i-APK. Inkinga ukuthi ukuzulazula nokuthayipha ama-URL amade nge-remote ngokuvamile akuvamile.
• Faka kusuka kukhompyutha yakho usebenzisa i-ADBLe ndlela ihloselwe abasebenzisi abathuthukile. Idinga ukuvumela ukulungisa amaphutha ku-Android TV nokusebenzisa imiyalo ye-ADB kusuka ku-PC ukuze "ucindezele" i-APK kudivayisi bese uyifaka. Inamandla kakhulu futhi inembile, kodwa ayilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile.

Kuzo zonke izimo, iseluleko esifanayo sokuphepha esisebenza kumaselula sisebenza naku-TV: landa ama-APK emithonjeni ethembekile kuphela , hlola ngokucophelela lokho okufakayo, futhi ungangabazi ukukhipha noma yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza oluziphatha ngendlela exakile noma olungasebenzi kahle nesilawuli kude.

Ukuqonda ukuthi ama-APK asebenza kanjani, ukuthi ungawavula kanjani futhi uwakhubaze kanjani izimvume zemithombo engaziwa, kanye nezingozi zangempela ngemuva kwefayela ngalinye olifakayo kukunika inkululeko enkulu ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukuphepha. Uma esetshenziswa kahle, ama-APK ayithuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuthola okuningi kufoni yakho ephathekayo noma ku-Android TV; uma esetshenziswa kabi, angaba yindlela esheshayo yokugcwalisa idivayisi yakho nge-malware, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqhubeka ngokuqapha futhi usebenzise ingqondo njalo.