Yize ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi eside selokhu sikhulume ngento entsha ehlobene nomhlaba we i-quantum computing futhi siyazazi izindaba, into okungenzeka ikwenze ucabange ukuthi le nkinga iqhwa kakhulu kunalokho engase ibonakale, iqiniso ukuthi liphambene, sinobufakazi balokhu engikushoyo emsebenzini omusha osanda kuvezwa iqembu labaphenyi abavela ku Inyuvesi yaseNew South Wales (E-Australia).
Njengoba leli thimba labacwaningi selishicilele ephepheni elikhuluma ngomsebenzi wabo, kusobala ukuthi bakwazi, ngemuva kwezinyanga nezinyanga zentuthuko nokuhlolwa, ukudala izakhiwo ezintsha ngekhompyutha ye-quantum esingakwazi ukwenza ama-quantum chips kakhulu eshibhile, kulula ukukhiqiza futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, into ebaluleke kakhulu namuhla, ekwaziyo vumela ukusabalalisa yohlelo.
Yini i-quantum computing?
Kuleli qophelo, ake siqhubeke sikhumbule ukuthi yini ngempela i-quantum computing, cishe nakho konke ekunikezayo. Njengoba incazelo ezingeni eliphezulu kakhuluNgaphandle kokungena emininingwaneni, singakhuluma ngeqiniso lokuthi lolu hlobo lwekhompyutha lusebenzisa lokho okuthiwa iqubits noma izingcezu ze-quantum. Lawa ma-qubits akhiwa, nawo, ochungechunge lwezinhlayiya ezinokuziphatha kwe-quantum.
Lokhu yikho kanye okwahlukanisa nezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zamakhompiyutha lapho i-bit ngayinye, njengoba uzokwazi ngokuqinisekile, inezimo ezimbili kuphela, 0 noma 1. Kunalokho, ama-qubits angaba ngesikhathi esinikeziwe esingu-1 noma esingu-0 kepha futhi abe womabili ngasikhathi sinye, lesi yiso kanye isizathu esenza ama-qbits akwazi ukucubungula imininingwane eminingi kakhulu kunokuncane njengoba sazi.
Ikhompiyutha ye-quantum kufanele yakhiwe kusetshenziswa ama-qubits amaningi futhi lokhu, futhi, kufanele kuxhunyaniswe komunye nomunye ukwenza inethiwekhi enkulu ekwazi ukwenza zonke lezi zibalo ze-quantum. Namuhla, abacwaningi benze lolu hlobo lwenethiwekhi lusebenze inqobo nje uma i- isikhala phakathi kwama-qubits sinama-nanometer ayindlala, okuthile okudinga ukuthi zonke izingxenye ezisele zohlelo, sikhuluma ngokulawulwa kwe-elekthronikhi noma okokufunda, phakathi kokunye, kufanele kwenziwe ngaleli zinga.
INyuvesi yaseNew South Wales yethula ubuciko bokwenza izinguquko kumakhompyutha we-quantum
Uma sesikubheke konke lokhu, sekuyisikhathi sokubuyela emsebenzini owenziwe e-University of New South Wales lapho, ngokusobala, sekusungulwe i-qubit entsha engaguqula i-quantum computing njengoba siyazi. Ngokusobala, iqembu labaphenyi, eliholwa ngu U-Andrea Morello y UGuilherme Tosi, udale lokho bona ngokwabo ababhapathize ngakho i-qubit flip-flop, Enobuciko esingenza ngabo ama-quantum processor ashibhe futhi kube lula ukukhiqiza.
Lo mklamo omusha une- ukucaciswa kokuqanjwa kwama-athomu e-phosphorus ngamanye ezifakwe ku-chip ye-silicon efana kakhulu naleyo esetshenziswe namuhla kunoma yimaphi amakhompyutha ethu. Ngenxa yalokhu kulungiswa okusha, abathuthukisi manje bazokwazi ukukala amakhompyutha abo we-quantum ngaphandle kokubeka ngokunembile wonke ama-athomu, indlela esetshenziswa namuhla kwamanye amasu amaningi enzelwe ukukala lezi zinhlobo zamakhompyutha.
Elinye lamaphuzu elenza le phrojekthi ibe nezinguquko ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ama-electron kanye ne-nucleus ye-athomu ye-phosphorus, abacwaningi babonile ukuthi, ngokuphambene nalokho okwenzekayo namuhla, akusadingeki ukubeka zonke izinto ezindaweni eziseduze komunye nomunye ukuze kwenziwe izibalo ze-quantum. Ngokuyinhloko manje ama-qubits angakwazi ukuxhumana nomunye emabangeni amade kakhulu uma ulwazi lufakwe ngekhodi kwisimo se-quantum esihlanganisiwe se-electron ne-nucleus ngoba lokhu kungaba ilawulwa yizimpawu zikagesi esikhundleni sikazibuthe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kunesikhala esanele sokufakwa kwezixhumi ezidingekayo, izintambo zokulawula nezinsimbi zokufunda ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthi zenziwe ngesilinganiso se-athomu.