Okuthile okufana neminyaka embalwa eyedlule, iqembu lososayensi elakhiwa ngabantu abathathu labanika umklomelo I-Nobel Prize ku-Physics sibonga umsebenzi ohlobene nezwe lama-superconductors kanye nama-superfluids lapho incazelo eningiliziwe kakhulu ivele futhi yaqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu we isigaba esisha sendaba.
Kusukela lapho, yize kunenani elikhulu lalethiyori entsha, iqiniso ukuthi azikho izinhlelo zangempela ezitholakele ezingasebenzisa le mbono, okungenani kuze kube manje, lapho iqembu elisha lakhiwa amalungu eNyuvesi yaseStanford ( I-United States) kanye ne-University of Sydney (Australia) kanye ne-Microsoft baphumelele ekwenziweni kwe- Izakhi zikagesi ezincane eziphindwe ka-1000 kuqhathaniswa nenguqulo esiyisebenzisayo namuhla. Akungabazeki ukuthi sikhuluma ngesinyathelo esisha ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto ezincane okuzosivumela ukuthi siqhubeke nokuthuthuka ekusebenziseni ikhompyutha.
Lo mbono wezinto ezisetshenziswayo uzosivumela ukuthi senze amakhompyutha amancane kakhulu e-quantum
Uma kwenzeka ungakhumbuli ukuthi kungani leli qembu labaphenyi abathathu baseNgilandi likwazile ukuwina iNobel Prize kuFizikiki ngo-2016, ngikutshele, ngokubanzi nangaphandle kokujula kakhulu, ukuthi umsebenzi wabo uchaze ukuthi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ezinye izinto iqhuba kalula ama-electron kuyo yonke indawo yayo ngempahla le, ngaphakathi, esebenza njenge ukuvikela.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu ngalo lonke lolu cwaningo ukuthi labo ababeluphethe kanye nokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi ngenani elikhulu njengaleli abalitholayo thola amacala athile lapho udaba ludluliswa phakathi kwezifundazwe ezahlukahlukene ngaphandle kokwephula ukulinganisa kwalo. Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono lokhu, ngiphakamisa isibonelo esilula njengenqubo eyenzeka lapho ama-athomu amanzi ehlelwa kabusha abe yiqhwa noma umusi.
Le mbono ibalulekile ukunciphisa ubukhulu bezinto ezahlukahlukene zikagesi
Ukuthola umbono, akutshele ukuthi ukutholwa ekugcineni okutholile umklomelo weNobel ngo-2016, njengoba kwamenyezelwa ngaleso sikhathi, bekuzobaluleka ukunciphisa ubukhulu bezinto ze-elektroniki ngendlela yokuthi ekugcineni amakhompiyutha ama-quantum azokwazi ukukhiqizwa ngesilinganiso esizowasiza, enye yezinkinga obulethwa yilobu buchwepheshe obusha namuhla.
Manje bekulapho iqembu labaphenyi elenziwe ngamalungu ezikhungo ezingafani zokucwaninga nentuthuko likwazile ukuqhubekela phambili futhi lenza ngokoqobo into kagesi, ebhabhadiswe ngegama le umjikelezi okuyinto, njengoba sishilo ngaphambili, eyiyo cishe izikhathi eziyi-1000 ezincane kuleyo esetshenziswe namuhla kumakhompyutha ambalwa we-quantum akhona asebenzayo.
Lesi yisinyathelo nje sokuqala sokwenza i-quantum computing ibe yinto yangempela osukwini lwethu usuku nosuku
Ngokuphathelene nekhompiyutha ye-quantum, iqiniso ukuthi namuhla ochwepheshe bathola okuhle kakhulu ekujoyineni ama-qubits ngamanani andayo, inkinga ukuthi kusamele sisebenzele thola ama-qubits ancishiswe abe ngosayizi abancane abanele ngokwanele ukuthi sikwazi ukuguqula amakhulu ezinkulungwane ngesikhathi esikhaleni okufanele sincane ngokwanele, into namuhla eletha inselelo ephelele.
Ukuze uthole umbono wesikali abantu abasebenza kuso kule nkambu namuhla, akutshele ukuthi is circulator ucezu olusebenza ngokuyisisekelo njengokuzungeza kwamasiginali kagesi, ngenxa yale ngcezu kungenzeka ukuthi imininingwane iqondiswe ku indlela eyodwa. Kuze kube manje, izinhlobo ezincane zale hardware zingagcinwa entendeni yesandla esisodwa. Unalokhu engqondweni, cabanga ukukwazi ukudala isizungezi esisha kepha kuze kube izikhathi eziyi-1000 ezincane.
Akumangazi ukuthi abacwaningi abakwazile ukudala le hardware abasebenzeli nje kuphela ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kwayo, kepha sebevele befuna izindlela zokwehlisa ubukhulu bezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe.