Isu tese takanzwa mazwi quantum komputa pane imwe nguva, asi kazhinji vashoma kwazvo vanoziva zvazviri chaizvo. Kune vazhinji, chinhu chekutanga chinouya mupfungwa ikombuta ine simba kwazvo, inokwanisa kuita chero basa asi nekumhanyisa kumhanya, asi haisi kombiyuta yakapusa ine simba, Zvakanyanya kudarika izvozvo.
Kunyange zvakadaro iyi michina zvachose isingasvikike neruzhinji, ivo vanounza yakawanda yekuda kuziva. Muchikamu chino tinotsanangura kuti chii chinonzi quantum computer uye zvayinonyanya kushandiswa uye ndezvipi zvinhu zve quantum zvakavakirwa simba rayo.
Chii chinonzi quantum computer?
Quantum makomputa mammoth michina iyo inotora mukana kune zvimwe zviitiko zvequantum mechanics kuti iwane kuwedzera kukuru mukugadzirisa simba. Quantum makomputa anokwanisa kuenderana nebitumen kune chero echinyakare super desktop komputa. Chinhu chinowanzo kunzi hukuru hwehukuru.
Izvi zvinoreva here kuti isu tese tinozopedzisira tave nekombiyamu yakawanda kumba kuti tishambidze internet kana kutamba mitambo yemavhidhiyo? Kwete. Machina echinyakare anoenderera mberi achiva mhinduro yakajairwa zvese kugadzirisa matambudziko edu uye nekuvakira pazororo rekudyidzana. Zvakare zvakanyanya mari.
Quantum makomputa anovimbisa kuve kukurudzira kune akasiyana maseru eetekinoroji kufambira mberi, senge sainzi, mushonga kana genetics. Mamwe makambani ari kutotanga kuzvishandisa kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvavo zvitsva, senge chitsva chakareruka uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogara kwenguva refu kutsiva zvakakwana mafuta anopisa.
Kompiyumu yakawanda inoshanda sei?
Michina iyi havaise simba ravo pane zvakajairika Hardware, senge iyo yatinogona kuwana mumakomputa edu epamba, haisi yemakadhi emifananidzo yakakura uye mapurosesa, inoenda zvakanyanya kupfuura izvozvo, zvese muhuwandu uye kuomarara. Chakavanzika chesimba rekombiyumu yecomputer iri mukugona kwayo kugadzira uye kushandisa zviyero zvehuwandu kana qubits.
Chii chinonzi Qubit?
Chinyakare makomputa anoshandisa mabiti, megabytes, gigabits…. Rukova rwemagetsi kana emagetsi mapundu anomiririra iwo uye zero. Nyika yese yepamoyo kubva kuemail, webhusaiti kana bhaisikopo ratinoona online, zvakakosha kuketani refu yemazero uye iwo.
Quantum makomputa anoshandisa qubits, subatomic zvimedu senge maerekitironi kana mafotoni. Maitiro emakambani akadai Google inovimba nemasuperconducting maseketi anotonhorera kune tembiricha yakadzika pane yakadzika nzvimbo. Vamwe vanoteya maatomu ega ega mumagetsi emagetsi pane chiponi chesilicon, mune yekuvharira kamuri. Muzviitiko zvese izvi chinangwa ndechekuparadzanisa ma qubits kune anodzorwa huwandu hwehuwandu.
Qubits ane zvimwe zvakasarudzika zvivakwa, zvinoita kuti boka rawo rigone kupa rakanyanya simba rekugadzirisa simba kupfuura iyo yakafanana nhamba yemabhinari bits. Zvinonyanya kukosha zvinonzi superposition uye quantum entanglement.
Chii chinonzi quantum superposition?
Quantum superposition inoitika mune zvakasikwa, kana chinhu chepakutanga panguva imwe chete chine maviri kana anopfuura matunhu, sezvinoitika nemaphotoni, ayo vanogona kugara munzvimbo mbiri dzakasiyana panguva imwe chete, chimwe chinhu chisingafungidzike mune yepanyama.
Ichi chivakwa chinoonekwawo mune zvimwe zvidimbu zvakaita semasikironi kana neutron, mumaatomu kana kunyangwe mune mamorekuru madiki. Rwendo urwu rwatungamira masayendisiti kushamisika kuti muganho uripi pakati penyika yequumum uye yatinoti iyo chaiye nyika, kana chidimbu chikarega kuve chakakura uye chinoiswa pasi pemitemo inozivikanwa.
Nekuda kwechiitiko ichi, yakawanda komputa ine akati wandei inopindirana qubits inogona kusvika panhamba huru yemhedzisiro inogona kuitika panguva imwe chete.
Quantum kupindirwa
Unogona kuburitsa mapaundi e "akakomberedzwa" qubits, umo ese ari maviri ari muyakaenzana mamiriro. Chinja mamiriro erimwe remakutu zvinobva zvachinja mamiriro emumwe nemumwe nenzira inofungidzirwa, izvi zvinoitika kunyangwe iwe uri kure kure.
Hazvizivikanwe zvechokwadi kuti sei kana nei kuwanda kwakawanda kuchinyatso shanda. Chimwe chinhu chakakwanisa kuvhiringidza Albert Einstein pachake, uyo aizozvitsanangura se "chiito chinotyisa chiri kure". Kupindirana kwakakosha kumakomputa ehuwandu kuti awane simba ravo guru Mune komputa yakajairwa, yakapetwa kaviri nhamba yemabheti inopeta simba rayo rekugadzirisa. Muchiitiko checompum yekombuta, kuwedzera mamwe ma qubits kunogadzira kuwedzera kwekuwedzera mune kugona kwayo.
Iyi michina inotora mukana wemaqubiti akasungwa mune imwe mhando yequantum daisy cheni kuita mashandiro. Iko kugona kwemamashini kumhanyisa kuverenga pamwe neakagadzirirwa zvakaenzana zviyero algorithms ndicho chikonzero nei vachiunza mufaro wakanyanya.
Asi hazvisi zvese zvakasarudzika kana zvasvika kumakompiyamu ehuwandu, nekuti anokwanisa kutadza zvikanganiso, nekuda kwekusaenderana kwekomputa.
Kusapindirana
Ichi chiitiko chinokonzeresa hunhu hwehuwandu kuora uye pakupedzisira hunonyangarika nekuda kwekudyidzana kwequubits nenharaunda yavo, sezvo yavo huwandu hwenyika hwakasimba. Kudedera kushoma kana shanduko yetembiricha zvinogona kukonzera kuti zvibude mukubatana basa risati rapera. Neichi chikonzero, makubiti anowanzo chengetwa mumafiriji uye emakamuri emuchina pakudziya kwakanyanya.
Komputa yeGoogle yakawanda
Google yanga isingade kusarira kumashure kana zvasvika kune huwandu hwehunyanzvi, hofori yekuNorth America yakagadzira huwandu hwekomputa inokwanisa kuita kuverenga mumasekondi mazana maviri, ayo mune echinyakare super pc ingadai yakatora makore zviuru gumi. Ndokusaka ichizivisa kuti makompiyamu ehuwandu ndihwo hunouya munguva pfupi iri kutevera. Kunyangwe makwikwi ayo IBM isingazopedzisira yabvuma.
Vasina kwazvakarerekera vaongorori vanoratidza kuti Google's quantum komputa yaifanira kuita isina kuverenga nhamba kuverenga iyo yaigona kungobudirira chete kana zvese zvemakomputa zvainge zvichishanda mukuwirirana kwakakwana.
Google haina kuronga kusarira kumashure mujaho uyu uye nekudaro inovimbisa kudyara mari zhinji muiyi tekinoroji. Panyaya yeGoogle, tinogona kutaura kuti izvi ndizvo zvazvichaitika, kunyangwe IMB isingadi kugara zvisina basa nekuti zviwanikwa zvacho zvizhinji zviri kupihwa kuti zvigadzirise hunyanzvi uhu. Nguva ichataura kana Google yega ichikwanisa kusimudzira huwandu hwehukuru kana kana ichida kujoina makwikwi ayo.
Iyo tekinoroji iyo inogona kutibatsira isu tese, mukugadzira mishonga inokwanisa kurapa zvirwere isingarapike kusvika zvino.