Kwiminyaka ethile eyadlulayo kwaye ngengozi, iqela lezenzululwazi, ngelixa laliphanda ukwenziwa komhlaba wesityalo esidala saseJapan sokuphinda kusetyenziswe, safumanisa, ngokumangaliswa ngokupheleleyo, ukuba, emva kokuba yonke le ntsalela ibineminyaka emininzi isemhlabeni ofanayo , Indalo yayidale uhlobo lweentsholongwane ezondla ngeplastiki.
Eli bali lavela ekugqibeleni kwe-2016, umzuzu apho wonke umntu wayevuya kuba, njengoko besitshilo, ngengozi ngokupheleleyo besifumene into enokuba sisisombululo sesinye sezona ngxaki zinzima abajamelana nazo abantu Njengongcoliseko kunye nokurisayikilisheka kweeplastiki. Njengoko ubona, isisombululo, kwakhona, sanikwa kuthi ngokwendalo ngohlobo lwebacteria eyayitshintshile ukondla iplastikhi eyayilawula indawo yokuhlala.
Zininzi iiyure zinikezelwe ukuphanda le bhaktiriya, iprojekthi eqhubela phambili ukunika isisombululo esikhanyayo nesisebenza ngakumbi
Kungenzeka njani ukuba kungenjalo, zazininzi izazinzulu ezazinomdla kolu hlobo lutsha lwebacteria kwaye, emva kwalo lonke eli xesha, kubonakala ngathi ibiliqela KwiYunivesithi yasePortsmouth e-UK ekhokelwa yi-biologist UJohn McGeehan eye yaba nezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo, njengokulawula ukwenza i-enzyme, ngokutsho kwabo banoxanduva lweprojekthi ngendlela eyenzeke ngengozi, ekwaziyo ukubola iplastikhi ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, njengoko izazinzulu ngokwazo zichazile, sijamelene nesisombululo esinokubakho kwingxaki enkulu enxulumene neeplastikhi abanazo bonke abantu namhlanje. Ngokutsho kwe-biologist ngokwakhe kunye nomlawuli wale projekthi UJohn McGeehan:
Ithuba lihlala lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphando lwenzululwazi olusisiseko, kwaye ukufumanisa kwethu apha akukho ngaphandle. Oku kufunyaniswayo kungalindelwanga kuphakamisa ukuba kukho indawo yokuphucula ngakumbi ii-enzymes, zisisondeza kwisisombululo sokurisayikilisha kwentaba ekhula rhoqo yeeplastikhi ezilahliweyo.
Iqela labaphandi likwazile ukuphuhlisa i-enzyme enamandla ngakumbi nangakumbi
Ukungena nzulu kancinane kuphando olwenziweyo liqela likaJohn McGeehan, ngokucacileyo kwaye ngelixa usaphanda ubume bangaphakathi Ideonella ngenxaiensis, yile ndlela intsholongwane yaseJapan ekwaziyo ukondla ngeplastiki eyabhaptizwa ngelo xesha, bafumanisa ngengozi kwaye bamangaliswa Isakhiwo esiguqukayo esivumele ukuba sonakalise iiplastiki zePET, ikwaziwa njengeplastiki ye-polyethylene terephthalate.
Ingxaki ngale microbe encinci kukuba, nangona inokutya iplastiki, inyani yile ayenzi ngokukhawuleza, into eyingxaki, ngakumbi ukuba sifuna ukuzisebenzisa ukuphelisa ungcoliseko olukhulu lweplastiki uMhlaba onalo. Okwangoku, khankanya ukuba sithetha ngentsholongwane ekufuneka ijongane nokutya okungekho ngaphantsi kweebhiliyoni zeetoni zenkunkuma ezifumanekayo namhlanje kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ziphelela ekuphoselweni elwandle.
Ngombulelo kwinto yokuba izazinzulu zikwazile ukufumanisa kwaye zahlulahlula ubume obuguqukayo begciwane laseJapan, kuye kwenzeka ukwenza i-enzyme, eyabhaptizwa njenge IPETase, evumela ukuba isebenze ngakumbi ekuphuleni iiplastiki. Ukuvavanya ukusebenza kakuhle kwePETase kwinqanaba leemolekyuli, abaphandi abaphetheyo beprojekthi bagqibe kwelokuba basebenzise i-X-reyi ukuvelisa imodeli enamacala amathathu. Ngale modeli ezandleni zakho, Bakwazile ukufumanisa ukuba iPETase ingathatha njani kwaye ihlaziye iplastiki kwaye, kungcono, indlela yokuphucula le ndlela. Ukuya kumagama awakho UJohn McGeehan:
Emva nje kweeyure ezingama-96, kunokubonwa ngokucacileyo kwimicroscope ye-elektroniki ukuba iPET ithoba isidima sePET, kwaye olu vavanyo lusebenzisa imizekelo yokwenyani yoko kufumaneka elwandle nakwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma.
Ukubanakho ukubona ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwale catalyst yendalo kusinike iiplani zoyilo lwe-enzyme ekhawulezayo nenobuchule.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, safumanisa ukuba i-PETase eguqulweyo iyazigqwesa iintsholongwane zendalo kwiPET ethobekileyo. Ukuqonda indlela i-PET ebopha ngayo kwindawo yokuhlaziya ye-PETase usebenzisa izixhobo zekhompyuter kuncede ukucacisa izizathu zokwenza ngcono ukusebenza. Ngokunikwa ezi ziphumo, kucacile ukuba amandla aseleyo aseleyo aqhubeka ukuphucula ishishini lakho.