UP Plus3 2D umshicileli, uhlalutyo kunye noluvo

Las Iiprinta ze-3D ziyachuma. Kuyinyani ecacileyo ukuba olu hlobo lwesixhobo luphawule ngaphambi nasemva emhlabeni. Sele sikuxelele ngokusetyenziswa kwayo okuninzi, ezinye zinomdla ngokwenene, Kucacile ke ukuba abashicileli be3D bezokuhlala.

Ngoku lixesha lokuvavanya umshicileli we-3D wolu hlobo okokuqala. Imimandla D. Usishiyele enye yeeprinta zakhe ze3D, imodeli ye-3D UP Plus2.  Kum ngumceli mngeni okoko kude kube ngoku ndijonge kuphela umhlaba wendalo ye-3D ngamehlo anomdla wokujonga umgama okhuselekileyo. Kubo bonke abo, njengam, abakaxelelwa kakhulu, siza kuqala ngenkcazo yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ngaphambi kokufika UP Plus3 2D uphononongo lomshicileli. 

Yintoni umshicileli we-3D?

Omnye Umshicileli we-3D yikhompyuter esivumela ukuba senze izinto ngobukhulu obuyi-3 kwiimodeli zedijithali.

Ukuprintwa kwenziwa ngu ukubeka ngaphezulu kwezinto ezingapheliyo zezinto ezifanelekileyo ngalo msebenzi. Kufana nokwenza isandwich apho onke amanqwanqwa asikiweyo isonka!

FDM vs. DLP

Kuxhomekeke kwindlela ezi zinto zibekwe ngayo, sahlulahlulahlulahluliyo ubuchule bokushicilela, ikakhulu ezi-2 kwimeko yoshicilelo lwasekhaya:

FDMUmaleko wento etyhidiweyo ufakwa, xa upholile uqinisa kwaye uvumela ukongeza umaleko omtsha wezinto ezingaphezulu kwale ikhoyo ngoku.

SLA: I-resin ye-photosensitive ibonakaliswe kumthombo wokukhanya oqinisa uluhlu lwezinto eziphathekayo. Olu luhlu luyashukuma kwaye lubethe umthombo wokukhanya kwakhona, luqinisa umaleko omtsha odityaniswe nowangaphambili. Umaleko ngamnye uya kuba nokumila kombane wokukhanya esikhanyise ngawo.

Isisombululo somaleko okanye isisombululo se-Z

Ubuncinci beengcamba, isisombululo esiya kuba naso kungoku nje, ngoku iiprinta zabathengi zikwi-50 microns (0.05 millimeters), evumela ukushicilela izinto ezineenkcukacha kodwa ngoburhabaxa obuthile ekuchukumeni nasekubukeni.

Ukuprinta amaxesha kwiprinta ye3D

Amaxesha okuprinta kwento ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisigqibo esiprintwe ngaso. Isisombululo esiphakamileyo sithetha inani elikhulu lezinto eziphathekayo, uluhlu ngalunye lucekeceke kwaye ubuninzi kufuneka bubekwe ukufezekisa ukuphakama okufunwayo. Ukuprinta into eyi-5cm (zombini iphakamileyo kwaye ibanzi) singachitha imizuzu engama-30 siprinta sisebenzisa izigqibo ezisezantsi njengokuchitha iiyure kunye nezisombululo ezineenkcukacha.

Izakhiwo zenkxaso

Masicinge ukuba siza kuprinta unobumba T. Ukuba into eprintiweyo inemilo eyahluke kakhulu phakathi kwamaleko kuthetha ukuba umshicileli uza kwenza umaleko omiswe emoyeni. Kwimeko ye T xa uqala ukuprinta intonga ephezulu.

Ukwenza umshicileli asebenze lula Ukusuka kumaleko wokuqala ukuya kulwaleko lwengxabano, kuya kuprintwa izakhiwo ezongezelelweyo ukulungiselela umsebenzi wokuprinta. Nje ukuba into eprintiweyo siyisuse

Indawo yokuprinta

Kanye njengokuba umshicileli we-inki wendlu engenakuprinta ngaphaya kweesayizi ezimashini ze-A4, ubungakanani bezinto eziprintiweyo ziya kuxhomekeka kubungakanani beprinta yethu. Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo ajikeleze i-15-20 cm kwicala ngalinye (Ubude obude nobude)

Izixhobo ze-ABS vs PLA

Abashicileli be-FDM basebenza ngee-spools ze-filament. Oku kwaziswa kancinci kancinci kumshicileli, ukunyibilika kunye needipozithi kulungelelwaniso lwezinto zethu. Kukho iikhoyili ezingenakubalwa zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemathiriyeli, eyona ixhaphakileyo I-ABS (njengokubamba isutikheyisi) kunye ne-PLA (enokuboliswa ziintsholongwane kunye nemvelaphi yendalo)

Yintoni esinokuyiprinta ngeprinta ye-3D

Ngokusisiseko yonke into onokucinga ngayo, Siphila kwihlabathi elijikelezwe yiplastikhi ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwale nto: iimbiza zokuzinkcenkceshela, ikhava yebhetri kwiremote eqhekezwe kwiveki ephelileyo. isiphatho se-ergonomic ukunqanda ukushiya iminwe yethu xa sithatha ukuthengwa kwekhaya eliphezulu, impempe, amakhonkco, izembozo zokukhusela iselfowuni, inkxaso yekhamera ...

Amathala eencwadi kunye noovimba bokuprinta izinto ze-3D

Nangona kungekho nzima ukwenza imodeli yezinto, baninzi abantu abangafuni kuchitha ixesha kuyo kwaye bakhetha ukuprinta izinto ezipapashwe ngokukhululekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kweendleko zokugcina ezihlelwe ngamacandelo. Qaphela ukuba apha ndidibanisa indawo yokugcina izinto ukuze ndikwazi ukuprinta izinto ze-3D ozithandayo.

Izinto ezahlukeneyo
Yeggi
I-Mynifactory
ucinga
umfanekiso

Isoftware yoyilo

Umntu unokuchitha iveki ethetha ngesoftware yasimahla kunye nehlawulelweyo kwihlabathi loyilo lwe-3D. Ndiza kubiza igama lesi-3 kuphela, kulula kakhulu ukulisebenzisa:

• TinkercadInkqubo yasimahla ye-Intanethi esekwe kwimanyano yamanani alula wejiyometri.
• imbonakaloKukwi-Intanethi, kodwa kukho into enzima ngakumbi. Kukhawulelwe kakhulu kubasebenzisi basimahla kodwa banokukhetha okungapheliyo kwiiakhawunti ezihlawulelweyo
• 3Dzakha: Ukumangaliswa, iMicrosoft yongeze ngaphakathi Windows 10 isicelo esinamandla kakhulu sokuyila izinto ze-3D. Kubalulekile ukujonga.
• umxube womnatha. Iphuhliswe yi-Autodesk, le software ibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zokwenza izinto ze-3D. Ukusuka kumanyano weepoligoni ezilula, ngokwenza imodeli yedijithali kunye nokuhlelwa kwemaya. Kwaye zonke kwisoftware yasimahla.

Isoftware yokuprinta

Nje ukuba sinento ye-3D sifuna isoftware yokuprinta ukuze yahlulahlulahlulwe ngokweziqendu ezinokuprintwa kwaye uthathe uxanduva lokulawula umshicileli ukuze enze umbono othembekileyo kwinto ekuthethwa ngayo.

Kule meko, iprinta ebonelelweyo inesoftware yayo, ekwanoxanduva lokujonga yonke inkqubo yokuprinta nokwenza yonke imisebenzi enxulumene nomshicileli. Kulungile, ukuba uyifundile yonke le nto ungade usebenze njengo "bazalwana bomyeni bomkhwa wobuchwephesha" kwaye wonwabise usapho okwethutyana kumbhiyozo olandelayo. Ngoku, masiqale ngohlalutyo.

Ngubani i-EntresD?

Nangona izixhobo ezibizayo ezivumela iiprototypes ze-3D ukuba zikho kangangeminyaka emininzi, khange kubekho kuguquka okwenyani kude kube kutshanje Ixabiso eliphantsi labashicileli be-FDM kunye nokuvela kweemodeli zoMthombo ovulekileyo.

Kulapho kungena khona I-EntresD, umhambisi eSpain nasePortugal yoluhlu lomshicileli lwe-UP3D lwenkampani yaseTshayina "iBeijing Tiertime Technology Co", Inkampani eneminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 yamava kwicandelo lokushicilela le-3D.
Ngenxalenye yalo Imimandla D.Ngeminyaka emi-4 kuphela yamava ukusukela ekusekweni kwayo, ikwazile ukufumana indawo yentengiso yaseSpain "yoshicilelo lwe-3D enexabiso eliphantsi" kunye nokufezekisa ukubonwa okukhulu ngenxa yomgangatho wezisombululo zayo. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba iprinta ye-UP Plus3 2D ngumzekelo ocacileyo woku.

Ukuqala koPhononongo lwe-UP Plus3 2D Printer

Imodeli abandiboleke yona yohlalutyo yile Umshicileli we-UP Plus3 2D. Umvelisi uthi lo mshicileli, unama-5 eekhilogram ubunzima kuphela kunye namanyathelo aqulathwe ivumela ukushicilelwa kwezinto eziyi-14x14x13 cm, zincinci kancinci kunesiqhelo, zinesisombululo somaleko esiphakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-40 yee-microns.

Kwitheyibhile yokuthelekisa engezantsi siza kuyithelekisa nezinye iindlela ezizezinye kwintengiso.

Uxhaso lwabathengi

Akukho xesha ndadinga ukunxibelelana nenkonzo yezobuchwephesha, ukusukela ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo zisonjululwe ngokugqibeleleyo phakathi kwevidiyo ze-youtube, iqonga kunye ne-EntresD FAQ.

Kwimeko yam ndiye ndaneengxaki ezi-2.

• I-extruder ivalekile kodwa ndiyisombulule ngokugqibeleleyo ngokulandela amanyathelo we ividiyo eposwe ngumenzi.
• Iingxaki zokuguqa kwizinto ezinkulu zomhlaba. Apha ndiye ndasokola ukubasombulula.

Ngeengxaki ezinzulu ezingasombululekiyo ekhaya okanye amathandabuzo afuna ingqwalaselo ethe ngqo, inkampani inenombolo yomnxeba kunye neenkonzo ze-imeyile ezifumanekayo kubathengi. Ndikwazile ukufumanisa ukuba Inkonzo yezobuchwephesha kunye nasemva kwentengiso inikezelwe kwiRexion, inkampani enamava abanzi kwicandelo, ke kuloo meko uya kuba nesigqubuthelo esihle.

Izinto ezibonakalayo zomshicileli

• Ukunikezelwa kwamandla kunye ne-elektroniki: Ngoyilo oluyimpumelelo kakhulu, umshicileli uyazidibanisa kwaye uzifihle esisekweni.
• Isikhuhli kunye nefeni: Iinkcukacha zokuprinta iinxalenye zeprinta zeprinta zinomdla kwaye zishiya uyilo lufikeleleke ukuze sikwazi ukuprinta kwaye sitshintshe ezo ndawo ziwohlokayo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Intambo coil: I-700 gr okanye i-1000 gr reels inokusetyenziswa.
• Isiseko sokuprinta: Inkqubo yasentwasahlobo ibamba iqonga lokwakha eqongeni. Isisombululo esilula sokutshintsha isiseko phakathi kokushicilela nokuprinta.
• Iimoto ze-X, Y kunye ne-Z: Iimoto ezinoxanduva lokukhulisa nokuhambisa iqonga lokushicilela zifihliwe emzimbeni weprinta ngokwayo.
• Inkqubo yokulinganisa ngokwakho: Ngokusekwe kumenzi woluvo loxinzelelo.

I-Unboxing UP Plus3 umshicileli we2D

Umshicileli uza nezongezo ezininzi:

• Iigloves: kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba isikhuphisi sifudunyezwa sibe ngama-260º C kunye nesiseko esishicilelwe kuso ngo-60ºC.
• Spatula: khumbula ukuba iziqwenga, amaxesha amaninzi, ziphuma zinamathele kakuhle kwisiseko, ngenxa yoko ngaphandle kwaso akunakubakho ukuzikhulula ngaphandle kokophula.
• Ukusika ii-nippers, i-tweezers kunye ne-blade echanekileyo: Iluncedo kakhulu ekususeni izakhi zenkxaso ngaphandle kokuzonakalisa.
• I-spool ye-gram engama-700 ye-Premium ABS filament: Umshini ezipakishwe ukuthintela izinto zonakaliswe ukufuma.
• Iziseko ezi-3 zomshicileli: Njengokuba ukususa isiqwenga kwisiseko somshicileli kuthatha ixesha, umenzi ubandakanyile u-3 ngelixa uchuba nokucoca enye oyiprinta kwenye.
• Isitshixo sokudibanisa i-extruder: Isitshixo esisetyenziselwa ukuhlahlula i-extruder kwiprinta ye-3D
• Ukunikezelwa kwamandla kunye nentambo ye-USB: ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ukubeka umshicileli kakuhle ecaleni kwePC.

Ixesha lokuqala ukuprinta

Ukusukela ngalo mzuzu sikhupha umshicileli ngaphandle kwebhokisi, siyilinganise, faka isoftware kwiWindows PC kwaye ukhuphele uyilo kwilayibrari ekwi-intanethi, ixesha lethiyori kufuneka libe lifutshane kakhulu. Iiprinta zilinganisiwe kumzi-mveliso.

Nangona kunjalo, imodeli evavanyiweyo iyunithi yovavanyo eye yahamba ngamanye amaqabane kulo msebenzi ngenxa yoko isiseko sokuprinta besiphume kakhulu kuhlengahlengiso. Kukho ubuchule benkqubo yokujija ye-3 yokulinganisa isiseko. Kwimizuzu elishumi isiseko sasikumgangatho opheleleyo. Kuhleli kuphela ukulinganisa ukuphakama kwesiseko ngokubhekisele kwi-extruder kunye ne-millimetric yokulinganisa isiseko (oluhlengahlengiso kufuneka lube lolulungileyo kwaye alunakwenziwa ngezikrelemnsi sele zikhankanyiwe

Olunye longezo olubaluleke kakhulu kule modeli kukubandakanywa kwe- isixhobo sokulinganisa kundithathe imizuzu emi-2 kuphela ukuyenza.Ngenxa yokufuna ukwazi, ndizamile ukwenza ulungelelwaniso lwencwadana yemigaqo, bendilinganisela kade kwaye ibingagqibelelanga. Ingcebiso: NGAPHANDLE KUSONDELA KWI-3D PRINTER NGAPHANDLE KWENKQUBO

Ukufaka isoftware ye-UP Plus3 ye-2D Windows 10 khange inike ngxaki Kwaye ndikwazile ukwenza ukushicilela okuninzi ngokulandelelana ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ijika lokufunda lilula kakhulu, kwaye ubunzima buvela xa ufuna ukuqala ukwenza uyilo lwakho.

Ukuvela kokuqala kwezinto

Kwiifoto ezingezantsi ungabona izakhiwo zenkxaso esele siyichazile ekuqaleni kwenqaku. Isoftware ye-EntresD ibongeza ngokuzenzekelayo, Kufuneka ukhethe into oza kuyiprinta kwaye iyakwenza okunye. Ukurhweba kukuba, ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zingxaki, kongeza izakhiwo ezingaphezulu kokuyimfuneko. Izinto ezisetyenziselwe oku azinakwa, nangona kunjalo ngokuguqula ukhetho olungagqibekanga lwesoftware sinokuphelisa okanye sinciphise olu lwakhiwo.

Ndiyiprintile le nto kuba, ukongeza ekubeni sisikhephe esihle kakhulu, Yenzelwe ngokucacileyo ukuvavanya umgangatho wokuprinta wabashicileli abohlukeneyo kwimarike.

Ndiyiprinte Inxalenye yesisombululo esona siphezulu (i-15 microns) kwaye uthelekise amaxabiso okwenyani kunye nethiyori usebenzisa i-caliper. Imilinganiselo endingakhange ndikwazi ukuyenza iphawulwe ngophawu lombuzo.

La isiqwenga esiprintiweyo sichanekile kakhulu. Iimpazamo zilinganiselwe kwi-microns ezili-100 ukuya kubude beqhekeza kunye ne-50 microns ububanzi. Kwimbonakalo yomphathi kukongeza ii-microns ezingama-50.

Izinto zokuxhasa ezilahliweyo

Le mifanekiso ilandelayo ibonisa isiqwenga esishicilelweyo ngezixhasi kunye nesiqwenga esinye esele sicociwe ecaleni kwayo yonke into yenkxaso esusiweyo.

Shicilela icandelo ngezigqibo ezahlukeneyo

Ngaphandle kokwazi ukubona iinxalenye ezandleni, kunzima kakhulu ukwahlula umohluko phakathi kwesisombululo esona siphezulu kunye nesona sincinci. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu kuba Ukukwazi ukuprinta umzobo kwii-microns ezili-15 yintoni eyenza umshicileli abe nzima ngakumbi kwaye ngexesha elifanayo kubiza.

I-bunny ishicilelwe kwii-microns ezingama-50 apho  ubukhulu bomaleko ngamnye bunokubonwa ngeliso lenyama. Endaweni yokuba isikhephe sishicilelwe kwii-microns ezili-15. Kubalulekile okwangoku ukuba ukhumbule oko uninzi lweeprinta ze3D zeli candelo lemarike azinakuprinta ngaphantsi kwe-100 microns, Into eshiya umshicileli we-UP Plus3 2D kwindawo elungileyo.

Icandelo elipheleleyo lokushicilela

Ngoku ndizifumene izandla zam kulawulo lomshicileli, masenze konke okusemandleni alo. Ngale nto ndishicilele inani le-Hulk 10 cm ukuphakama. La Ukuprinta kuyamangalisa, kuphela ezinye izitenxo ezixatyiswayo kwiindawo ezifuna ukushicilelwa phantse ngokuthe nkqo kwinkxaso.

Imveliso yemidiya kunye namaxesha okuprinta

Ku Ukuprintwa kwe-3D komzobo weHulk Esona sisombululo siphezulu, silinganisa i-9x4x10 cm, ndifuna kuphela iigram ezingama-40 zeplastikhi ye-ABS, kubandakanya nezinto ezilahlwayo zokuprinta ngokuchanekileyo. Ukusebenza kwekhoyili enye yezinto ezibonakalayo kuphezulu kakhulu.

Nangona kunjalookanye kuthathe umshicileli iiyure ezingama-7 ukugqiba ukushicilela icandeloEli lixesha elide kodwa elifanelekileyo ukuba sithathela ingqalelo ukuba phantse i-700 yamatye afunekayo ukuze iqondwe.

Amacandelo aneengxaki zokulwa

Imfazwe ngu ingxaki ebanzi kubashicileli be3D ethi ivele xa kulungelelaniswa izinto ezilandelelanayo zezinto ezipholileyo kwizantya ezahlukeneyo, oku kubangela ukuba izinto zikhubazeke kwaye zijijike. Ivela xa iinxalenye ezinendawo enkulu ethe tyaba ziprintiwe.

Ukuba ngumshicileli ovulekileyo, imodeli yohlalutyo inovakalelo lokwahluka kobushushu obujikelezileyo. Umenzi webhlog yakhe une nqaku Ukucacisa ngokweenkcukacha izizathu zokuba kutheni ezi ngxaki zisenzeka kwaye ezinye iindlela zokuzisombulula. Ukuba umshicileli wayenebhokisi yangaphandle, le ngxaki inokuncitshiswa kakhulu.

Ukuprintwa ngaxeshanye kwamaqhekeza aliqela

Kuyenzeka ukuba uprinte iinxalenye ezininzi kwisisombululo esinye ngaxeshanye ukusukela ukuba umshicileli kulwahlulo ngalunye uyakwazi ukugqitha ukusuka kwisiqwenga ukuya kwesinye ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo wezinto eziphathekayo. Kuqhelekile ukuba abanye abashicileli xa beprinta izinto ezininzi ngaxeshanye ukwenza imisonto entle yezinto ezigqithisileyo phakathi kweziqwenga

Ubungakanani bezinto ezinokuprintwa

Ndizamile ukuprinta into enobungakanani obuphezulu oboniswe ngumenzi, kodwa khange ndikwazi ukuyenza ngokuchanekileyo, izakhiwo zenkxaso ezongeza ngokuzenzekelayo ziye zonyusa indawo yokushicilela ebangela ukuba umphezulu womhlaba uprintwe ubengaphezulu indawo yokushicilela. phambili indawo eprintwayo incitshisiwe kancinane kunye neenkxaso ezisetyenziselwa ukubamba amacwecwe aprintwe kuwo, ke ndicebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe indawo encinci eprintiweyo kunaleyo icetyiswe ngumenzi.

Ukusebenziseka kokuhambelana

I-EntresD icebisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ezithengisayo bebanga ukuba balandela ulawulo lomgangatho olungqongqo. Oku akuthethi ukuba iyakwalela ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo ezivela kwiimpawu zomntu wesithathu, iinkcukacha eziza kubongwa. Ukuthelekisa, umahluko phakathi kwezinto ezisetyenziswayo zomvelisi kunye nexabiso eliphantsi esithe sazifumana kukhangelo lwe-Intanethi ngama-30%. Ukuthatha ingqalelo kwintsebenzo esiyifumana kwikhoyili nganye, andizukubeka emngciphekweni kwaye ndikhethe izisombululo zantlandlolo, kodwa oko sele kuxhomekeke kulowo nalowo.

Amanqaku okuphucula

Okokugqibela, ndifuna ukuqaqambisa amanqaku endicinga ukuba awona mabi emva kokuhlalutya IPRUS3 2D umshicileli iiveki ezintathu.

• Phrinta kwaye ulawule umshicileli kwi-Android kwaye ngaphandle kwentambo Sisifundo esisalindelwe kuninzi lwabenzi beeprinta ze3D. Ngethemba ngokukhawuleza Imimandla D. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kule ntswelo.
• La ipleyiti encinci enemigca emincinci isetyenziselwa ukuprinta kunye nendlela eqhotyoshelwe kwindawo yokushicilela nangona isenza umsebenzi wayo ayisebenzi njengoko ndingathanda. Kufuneka umgudu wokucoca la macwecwe phakathi kokuvela.
• Isoftware yokuprinta iyawenza umsebenzi, kodwa ingesiNgesi kuphela.
• Kubonakala ngathi umvelisi ukhethe ukunciphisa indawo yokuprinta ukuze akwazi ukwenza iqela elinemilinganiselo equlethwe kakhulu. Kodwa oku kunciphise ukubanakho ukuprinta ezinye izinto zemihla ngemihla kwimeko yasekhaya, ezinje ngeembiza zeentyatyambo okanye izibane.

Izigqibo zokugqibela

Umshicileli ohlalutyiweyo ngaphezulu kokuhlangabezana nolindelo ebendinalo kuye. Ngaphandle kokufumana ulwazi lwangaphambili, ndikwazile ukungena kwihlabathi lokuprinta kwe-3D ngaphandle kobunzima. Imodeli enikezwe ngu Imimandla D. Yimodeli ethembeke kakhulu, yomelele ekusetyenzisweni gwenxa kokungabi namava kwaye eshicilele ngokugqibeleleyo ukusuka kwisentimitha yokuqala ukuya kwelokugqibela kwikhoyili ye-filament ye-ABS.

Ubungakanani bezixhobo busivumela ukuba senze umngxunya kuninzi lwezindlu zethu ngaphandle kwengxaki. Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba zininzi iikhithi kwintengiso enazo zonke izinto zokudibanisa umshicileli we3D, umgangatho wokugqitywa  I-3D UP Plus 2 kunye nenkxaso yabathengi isiqinisekisa ukuba singabinazingxaki ezisiphanga iiyure ezininzi zexesha lethu elikhululekileyo.

Iwebhusayithi yomvelisi isixelela ukuba le modeli yenzelwe iinkampani ekufuneka zenze iiprototypes zamalungu nezinto. Ukunikwa konke oku kungasentla, andinakuthetha ngaphezulu koku Umshicileli we-UP Plus3 2D ushiye incasa emnandi emlonyeni wam kwaye ndiza kulandelela ngokusondeleyo ukumiliselwa ngoSeptemba ka imodeli entsha abafuna ukuguqula ushicilelo lwasekhaya.

Uluvo lomhleli

Amanqaku afanelekileyo

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