Namuhla kunezikhungo eziningi zokucwaninga nokuhlola ezisebenza cishe nsuku zonke ukuze zazi kangcono bonke ubukhulu obuzungeze umhlaba. Akukona nje ukuthi sisebenzela ukuthola amaplanethi amasha noma sifuna impendulo yokuthi ubukhulu bendawo yonke bungaba bukhulu kangakanani, kepha futhi siphenya ngendlela ehlehlayo, okungukuthi, isibonelo bazi ukuthi izinkanyezi zokuqala zavela nini.
Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono lokhu, futhi ikakhulukazi ubunzima obungabandakanya lokhu, kufanele sibuyele emuva endaweni yonke, esingathi, yayisanda kudalwa, sikhuluma ngesikhathi cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-180 edlule, ngemuva nje kokuqhuma kweBig Bang eyaziwayo, ngaleso sikhathi, ngokocwaningo olusanda kushicilelwa, izinkanyezi zokuqala zikwazile ukuvela.
I-EDGES iyithuluzi elisivumele ukuthi sazi ukuthi izinkanyezi zokuqala zavela nini esibhakabhakeni
Ukuqonda lokhu kangcono, ngifuna ukukhuluma nawe ngakho EDGE, ithuluzi elikhetheke kakhulu elisendaweni eqhelile entshonalanga ye-Australia, ikakhulukazi kufayela le- IMurchison Radio Astronomical Observatory. Leli thuluzi lisetshenziswa ososayensi abavela eMIT nase-Arizona State University ukubheka noma yimuphi umkhondo wokuthi indawo yonke ingaqala kanjani, ukusatshalaliswa kwayo ... umkhondo othile okhombisa ukuthi sikwazi kanjani ukufinyelela ezinsukwini zethu.
Ukungena emininingwaneni ethe xaxa futhi njengoba singafunda ekhasini le- MIT, I-EDGES ayilutho ngaphandle kwe-a uhlelo oluncane lwe-antenna lapho kufakwe khona ibhendi ephansi nethuluzi le-band ephezulu, isamukeli se-spectrometer kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene zikagesi ezifakiwe. Le ngxenyekazi yonke ilinganiswe ngokunembile ukuze ikwazi 'ukuzwa' uhlobo oluthile lomsindo wendawo.
Phakathi kokunye, i-EDGES okwamanje isetshenziswa yi-MIT ne-Arizona State University.
Inhloso enkulu yaleli thuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi akuyona enye into ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuthola ukuthi indawo yonke yayinjani ngaphambi kokuba yakhiwe, okungukuthi, ukuqala ukuguqulela kulokho esikwaziyo namuhla. Ngamazwi ezobuchwepheshe athe xaxa, ukwazi indawo yonke ngalowo mzuzu lapho ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwezinkanyezi zokuqala kungene khona ku-hydrogen yokuqala eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi igesi.
Ngokwamazwi ka URaúl Monsalve, umcwaningi e-Center for Astrophysics e-University of Colorado Boulder nomunye wabaphenyi osebenzisane nalo msebenzi:
Isiginali iyavumelana ngezindlela eziningi nezibikezelo zethiyori mayelana nezinkanyezi nemithala yokuqala endaweni yonke yakuqala. Ukukala kwethu kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zinkanyezi nemithala yokuqala zazakha cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-180 ngemuva kweBig Bang. Ukuthola lesi siginali encanyana kuvule iwindi elisha endaweni yonke yakuqala. Izibonakude azikwazi ukufanekisela ngqo lezi zinkanyezi zasendulo, kodwa lokho ezikubambayo kuguqulwa kube amasiginali omsakazo asuka emkhathini.
I-EDGES isebenza ekutholeni ukukhishwa okungu-21 cm okwenziwe izinkanyezi zokuqala ngenkathi zidalwa
Njengoba kubonakala ephepheni elishicilelwe, ngokusobala indlela iqembu labaphenyi elikwazile ngayo ukufaka lesi siginali esikhaleni ibilokhu iyinkimbinkimbi njengoba i-EDGES ingasilinganisi ngqo isinali elikhishwe izinkanyezi zokuqala, kodwa kunalokho imisebe ekhishwa igesi ye-hydrogen lapho lezi zinkanyezi zokuqala zavela khona.
Umqondo ngokuyisisekelo ubandakanya ukuklama nokwakha ithuluzi, kulokhu ama-EDGES, okwazi ukukala uhlobo oluthile lwe 'ukukhanya', okuthile kulezi zinsuku izibonakude ezivamile ezingakwazi ukukala. Ngokuqondile, sikhuluma nge-hydrogen engathathi hlangothi futhi ebandayo ekhishwe ezigabeni zokuqala zomlando wendawo yonke, ukukhishwa ingabanjwa uma ukukhishwa kufundwa ku-21 cm.
Umbono uthi, lapho izinkanyezi zokuqala zikhanya endaweni yonke yakuqala, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet abazikhiphile kungene kugesi omkhulu we-hydrogen futhi wakwazi ukuguqula isimo salo sokuthakazelisa, yilokho kanye okubizwe ngokuthi yi-21 emission cm, ushintsho kubangela ukuthi i-hydrogen imunce ama-photon kusuka kusizinda se-microwave kushiye i- izigxivizo zeminwe okwamanje ziyatholakala ebangeni lemvamisa yomsakazo elingaphansi kuka-200 MHz.
Ukwaziswa okwengeziwe: Nature